【作者】 马慧；

【导师】 李尚信；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国哲学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 在中华文明发展进程中,儒家思想起到了支柱性作用。《大学》是儒家经典著作之一,它提出的内圣外王“八目”,得到后世儒者,尤其是二程与朱熹的阐释与推崇,成为儒家知识分子修养内圣德业、成就外王事功的共由之路。作为当时的主流意识形态,它的权威性几乎不容置疑。然而,杨简却以严谨的治学态度,在心学视野下,对《大学》倡导的“八目”提出了直接而彻底的批评。本文认为,造成这种差异的根源正是理学与心学迥然相异的本体之说。因此,笔者在第一章即简要介绍了杨简的心本论思想,这是杨简一切理论与观点得以形成的根据所在。然后,笔者按照内圣外王“八目”的顺序,在较为系统的整理相关素材的基础上,对杨简提出的新主张做出了细致的分析与阐发,并将其与其他学派,尤其是程朱理学的相关理论进行对比,力求在这种对比过程中,彰显心学本旨。杨简以“心”解经,将心学贯彻到对于经典的诠释阐发中,也贯彻到他的生活与生命的所有细节之中。这种全新的解释、彻底地贯彻,折射出中国古代儒士的创新精神与思想活力,也从另一个侧面反映出儒家思想内在的包容性、创新性以及因此而生的可持续性。随着历史的发展,思想也在不断完善与更新,儒家的经典著作在后人的重新阐释与发扬中活力四射。事实上,正因为儒家思想体系涵具着非凡的的包容力、创新力与自我完善能力,才能与时偕行,在时光永不止息的流转变迁中,没有随其他思想一同老去甚至消逝,反而青春永驻。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the process of Chinese culture’s development, the thought of Confucianism played a very important role. " Da xue " is a classic masterpiece in early Confucianism which has a precise and integrated structure. It constructs a framework of cultivating self around its " three principles and eight items " , which also contains Confucianism’ s ideology of " sageliness within and kingliness without" . Later on, the eight items has gained the interpretation and recommendation by the Confucians, such as Cheng Hao、Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi especially, and it had been the unique way for the Confucianism to " sageliness within and kingliness " without as well. As the dominant ideology at that time, its authority was almost unsuspecting. However, with rigorous attitude, Yang Jian put forward to the criticism to the " eight items " directly and thoroughly in terms of the heart- mind theory.In my opinion, the root cause of the difference just is the theory on Ben Ti what is different from Li-Confucianism and the theory of Mind. The first section expresses the theory of the Mind-noumenon that is the foundation of all the Yang Jian’s theories and opinions. Then, in term of the " eight items " , the Yang’s new opinions are expounded detailed on the foundation of the research of related materials and compared with related theories of other philosophy school, such as Cheng & Zhu’s Li-Confucianism especially. It will be showed expectably the true meaning of the theory of Mind in the contrast.Yang applied the theory of the Mind not only to interpret the classic of the Confucianism but also to all the details of his life .Yang’s theory reflects innovating spirit and the energy of thought in the Confucians of antiquity, and reflects the special inclusion、creativity and sustainability of Confucianism in addition.With the development of history, the thought has been perfected and renewed constantly. Benefit from the new interpretation and development of descended scholars of Confucianism, the classic books of the Confucianism are full of vitality. In fact, just because the. system of Confucianism has special inclusion、creativity and self-perfection ,it has not been got older or even vanished as other school of thought in the eternal running river of time. On the contrary, it keeps the pace of times and preserves the vigor of youth all the time.更多还原