【作者】 李文；

【导师】 吴小萍；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国交通运输事业的日益发展,尤其是近年来高速铁路、城市轨道交通和高速公路的快速发展,铁路、公路和城市轨道沿线噪声污染状况越来越严重,严重的干扰了沿线居民的生活、学习、工作等,损害了人们的身体健康。如何减少线路两侧的噪声影响成为亟待妥善解决的问题。铁路沿线的噪声是交通噪声的重要组成部分,在目前从声源上降低铁路噪声难以达到令人满意效果的情形下,设置铁路声屏障成为解决铁路噪声污染的一种有效的重要措施。论文主要研究探讨了高速铁路声屏障的声学设计(声屏障高度、长度、材料、结构选择等)以及景观设计,通过研究分析高速铁路的噪声源特性、声屏障景观的涵义与特性,得出适合高速铁路声屏障设计的某些建议,为高速铁路声屏障的声学和景观设计提供参考。论文主要做了以下工作:1、对声屏障的降噪原理和插入损失计算理论与方法做了系统的论述。2、研究开发了基于GIS的声屏障插入损失模拟预测程序,程序主要包括参数设置模块、计算预测模块、结果显示模块等。此程序可预测声屏障的插入损失,并形象显示声屏障建造前后的噪声降低效果。此程序的开发对声屏障的声学设计具有一定的应用价值。3、根据高速铁路及其噪音特性,研究了高速铁路声屏障的位置选取原则;重点对高速铁路声屏障的高度设计进行了研究,高速铁路相对一般铁路而言在列车上部增加了空气动力噪声,依此提出了适当增加高速铁路声屏障高度的建议;研究分析了各种铁路声屏障材料、结构类型的优缺点,并得到各种结构类型的适用环境;总结归纳了一些声屏障的降噪优化措施。4、深入分析了铁路声屏障景观的特点,在满足特定的功能要求、保护生态环境的基础上通过声屏障景观设计和给人带来视觉上的审美愉悦或降低声屏障的视觉冲击,系统地提出了铁路声屏障的景观设计方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the growing of Traffic and Transportation business, especially the rapid development of high-speed railway , Urban Railway Transit and freeways in recent years, noise pollution along the railways, highways and Urban Railways has becoming more and more serious, and which disturbed people’s life ,study and work and damaged people’s health who live around the lines . It has become an urgent problem how to reduce the noise impact on both sides of lines. Under the circumstances that it is difficult to achieve the desired effect of reducing railway noise from the sound source, setting up noise barriers is an important and effective measure to solve the railway noise pollution which is an important part of traffic noise.this paper mainly studied acoustic design (including height, length, materials and structure) and landscape design of the noise barriers .based on research and analysis the characteristics of noise source of high-speed railway, the meaning and characteristics of noise barriers’ landscape, some advices which suit the high-speed railway noise barriers design have been worked out to offer references for the noise barriers’ acoustic and landscape design of high-speed railway. The main work of this paper is as follows:Firstly, the noise barriers’ Principles of Noise Reduction and the calculation theory and methods of insertion loss were systemically discussed.Secondly, researched and developed Simulation forecasting procedures of noise barriers’ insertion loss based on GIS, which mainly including the modules of parameter setting, calculation predicting and results showing etc. These procedures can predict noise barriers’ insertion loss and show the changes of noise reduction along railway after the setting up of noise barriers.Thirdly, According to high-speed railway and its noise characteristics, the principle to select the location and especially the height designing of the noise barriers were studied; the suggestion of increasing the height of noise barriers properly was proposed according to that high-speed railway added more aerodynamic noise at the upper part of the train compared to general railway; based on analyzing and researching the advantages and limitations of the noise barriers’ materials and structure types, the suitable environment for various structure types was received; summed up some optimized noise reduction measures of noise barriers.Fourthly, the characteristics of railway noise barriers’ landscape was in-depth analyzed .on the basis of fulfilling specific functional requirements and protecting the ecological environment, the methods of landscape designing of the railway noise barriers were systematically proposed through landscape designing of noise barriers, giving Aesthetic pleasure on vision and reducing the visual impact.更多还原