【作者】 李湘平；

【导师】 尹桃；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 临床药学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:通过调查长沙市药店顾客消费保健食品的现状,分析其对保健食品的认知、态度、消费行为及影响因素,为引导保健食品市场的健康发展及制定相关法律法规和监督管理对策提供参考依据。方法:1.采用流行病学现况研究方法,在长沙市5个城区分别随机抽取1个社会药店,于2008年4～5月和9～10月以自行设计的《保健食品服用和购买调查问卷》调查药店顾客,调查内容包括:人口学特征、最近1年保健食品服用情况、本次购买保健食品情况、对保健食品的认知、态度、行为习惯及经历、保健食品相关知识获取途径、药店服务等。2.采用Epidata3.0软件建库录入原始数据,SPSS11.5软件包对数据进行统计分析,分析内容包括:调查对象保健食品购买率、最近1年保健食品服用率、不同特征调查对象保健食品购买率、服用率及对保健食品认知合格率的差异,保健食品的认知和服用的影响因素分析采用非条件单因素和多因素logistic回归分析。结果:在本次调查的1490名药店顾客中,最近1年服用保健食品的有686人,服用率为46.0%(686/1490),所服保健食品有10类95个品种,服用人次917次。调查对象服用保健食品的主要目的依次为调节血脂、补充维生素矿物质微量元素等营养素、提高免疫力等,服用保健食品前3位的品种依次是深海鱼油、蜂胶、液体钙,调查对象选用的保健食品剂型依次为胶囊、片剂、冲剂、膏剂、口服液及其他;服用保健食品主观感觉达到预期效果的占28.1%(257/917),达到部分预期效果的占53.0%(486/917),无效的占16.3%(150/917),服用后发生不良反应的占2.6%(24/917),主要表现为恶心、呕吐、头晕等。调查对象对保健食品认知得分合格率为69.2%(1031/1490)。在1490名调查对象中,完全相信保健食品功效的人有25.5%(380/1490);当药品与保健食品功能价格接近时,有45.4%(677/1490)的人会选择后者;对于媒体广告对保健食品的宣传,只有3.0%(45/1490)的人表示相信。对于现阶段保健食品市场的现状,63.8%(950/1490)的人认为首先应该从产品质量方面加强监管;在服用保健食品的686名调查对象中,有77.6%(532/686)的人获得保健食品知识的主要途径为电视、广播,87.2%(598/686)的人消费保健食品的主要依据是亲友或同事推荐,77.4%(531/686)的人购买保健食品的主要场所是药店,在购买保健食品时最先考虑产品功能的人占60.1%(412/686)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析表明文化程度(OR=1.432)、最近1年单位或社区开展健康保健宣教活动的频次(OR=1.277)与调查对象对保健食品认知合格率存在正关联。而性别、健康状况、年龄段、最近1年单位或社区开展健康保健宣教活动的频次、认知度、对媒体的信任度等变量是研究对象是否服用保健食品的影响因素,OR依次为1.858、1.574、1.502、1.203、1.155、0.603。结论:1长沙市药店顾客最近1年保健食品的服用率为46.0%(686/1490),与北京等发达城市的普通人群服用率相当。长沙市药店顾客服用保健食品的主要目的依次为调节血脂、补充维生素等营养素、提高免疫力等。2药店顾客保健食品的认知得分总体合格率较高,文化程度越高、单位或社区开展健康保健宣教活动的频次越多则顾客认知度越好。3性别、健康状况、年龄段、最近1年单位或社区开展健康保叫袒疃钠荡巍⑷现燃岸悦教逍男湃味仁且┑旯丝头帽＝∈称返挠跋煲蛩?其保健食品的服用率女性高于男性、有慢性疾病者高于没有慢性疾病者,年龄越大、最近1年接受健康保健宣教活动的频次越多、对媒体宣传的信任度越高则保健食品服用率越高,对保健食品认知得分合格者比不合格者服用率高。4药店顾客对保健食品的功效及对媒体广告宣传保健食品的信任度较低,由于广播电视等媒体目前仍是消费者获得保健食品知识的主要途径,建议相关主管部门加大对媒体广告制作和审批的监管力度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: To investigate the health food consumption of drugstore clients in Changsha, Hunan province, and to identify the factors that influence clients’ attitudes towards health food, and their decisions to purchase or consume health food, and to provide reference basis on guiding the healthy development of health food market, and on legislating and management.Methods:1.1 drugstore randomly chosen from each region of the 5 regions in Changsha during 2008.04-2008.05 and 2008.09-2008.10. The self-designed questionnaire of the Clients Behavior and the Influencing Factors of Drugstore Clients in Changsha on Health Food was used to collect following information: the demographic characteristics of the clients; the details of the health food taken last year; the details about the purchase in drugstore this time; informants’ knowledge, attitude, habit and response to health food; ways through for clients to get relevant knowledge about health food; and the service in drugstore.2. The initial data was input in Epidata 3.0 software database. SPSS11.5 was used to analyze the data: to count the purchasing rate of health food in informants; the consuming rate of health food last year; the differences of the health food consuming rate, purchasing rate, and knowledge of health food between people with different demographic characters; and constituent ratio of channels through for clients to get relevant knowledge about health food. Single-factor logistic regression and multi-factor logistic regression were used to analyze factors that influenced clients’ decisions to purchase or consume health food.Results:1490 informants accepted the survey and 46.0% (686/ 1490) of those consumed health food last year. People consumed health food mainly for adjusting plasma lipids, supplying nutriments such as vitamins and mineral composition, and enhancing immune function. The most consuming health food was deep sea fish oil soft capsules, propolis soft capsules and liquid calcium soft capsules. The popular forms were capsule, troche and medicinal granules. 28.1% (251/ 917) viewed health food as effective value, 55.5% (486/ 917) regarded it as mild value, while 16.3% (150/ 917) thought it was no use. 2.6% (24/ 917) met side-effect, mainly including nausea, vomit and feeling dizzy.69.2% (1031/1490) of those got "passed" in the test of knowledge on health food. 25.6% (381/ 1490) of those would like to get health knowledge through reading professional books. Only 3.0% (45/ 1490) totally believed the advertisement of health food on media. 77.4% (1154/ 1490) purchased health food in drugstores. 60.1% (896/ 1490) thought the determinant factor in purchasing health food was the effect. 69.2% (1030/1490) once introduced health food to family and relatives. 12.6% (188/1490) didn’t believe the function of health food. 10.8% (161/1490) took health food when healthy. The survey also revealed that 46.9% (75/ 160) of clients would choose health food based on their own experience.Multi-factor logistic regression was used to analyze the determinant factors. Education background (OR=1.432) and the frequency of medical education in work place or community last year (OR=1.277) had positive correlation with the informants’ knowledge on health food. Factors that influence clients’ decisions to consume health food also included gender (OR=1.858), state of health (OR=1.574), age (OR=1.502), the frequency of medical education in work place or community last year (OR=1.203), the passing rate of relevant knowledge (OR=1.155), and the acceptance with advertisements on media (OR=0.603).Conclusion:1. The percentage of people who got "passed" in the test of knowledge on health food was high among drugstore clients in Changsha. Education background and the frequency of medical education in work place or community last year were the factors influencing the informants’ knowledge on health food. The most popular education on health food was timely courses in communities.2. The consuming rate of health food in Changsha was approaching to that in developed cities like Beijing. Clients consumed health food mainly for adjusting plasma lipids, supplying nutriments such as vitamins and mineral composition, and enhancing immune function.3. Factors that impact clients’ decisions to consume health food include: age, gender, health condition, cognition, the frequency of medical educational activities received last year, acceptance with the advertisement of health food on media.4. The drugstore clients’ confidence on the efficacy of the health food and their advertisements from the media was relatively low. At present, due to the media’s being still the main ways for the clients to obtain the knowledge about the health food, to our opinion, related management departments should pay more attention to supervising the quality of the products.更多还原