【作者】 周敏；

【导师】 韩景泉；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以乔姆斯基的最简方案（2000,2001,2005,2006）为理论框架,对英汉小句的句法范畴和不同结构中英汉小句的句法生成进行了分析。本文首先简略讨论了英汉小句的定义,将小句看为一个有主谓关系但缺少标句词和屈折变化的成分,并证明了动词性小句的存在。接着本文对比分析了关于小句范畴的几种分析方法如XP分析、IP分析、PrP分析、AgrP分析和SC分析,并以Nasser（2007）的TP分析为基础,得出了小句是以功能中心语照应T为中心的最大投射的结论。最后,我们对Nasser（2007）TP分析的不足进行改进并用来分析例外授格结构、宾补结构和提升结构中英汉小句的句法生成过程,旨在为英汉小句的句法生成提出一个统一合理的解释,检验最简方案的解释力和概括性。为了解释小句的生成,我们用到了题元理论、格理论、特征、合并和一致理论（Chomsky 1981,2000,2001）、多项一致理论（Hiraiwa 2001）和特征继承理论（Chomsky 2005,2006）。根据题元理论,本文认为补语小句作为一个分句整体得到了主句动词赋予的受事题元角色,小句的谓语赋予小句主语题元角色。与Nasser（2007）的想法不同,我们认为当小句的谓语是动词、形容词、和介词时,小句的谓语不需要接受格的核查,因为格理论的中心内容主要是解释名词如何获得抽象格。而且,小句的名词谓语没有获得题元角色,也不需要格。根据Landau（2004）的分裂T假设,本文将主句中的T看为非照应T,小句中的T为照应T,受先行语非照应T的成分统治,小句的时态依赖主句时态的语义解释。受Chomsky（2000,2001）的特征,合并和一致理论以及Hiraiwa（2001）多项一致理论的指导,本文将小句中的照应T看为探头,能同时和小句主语和谓语这两个目标进行特征一致核查。补语小句中的照应T继承了v^*1的宾格特征和不可诠释的φ特征（人称、数、性）。根据VP内部主语假设和谓语赋予主语题元角色的原则,本文认为小句的主语在小句内生成,为了核查扩展投射原则特征移到了[Spec,TP]位置。修改后的TP分析能统一地成功解释几种典型结构如例外授格结构,宾补结构和提升结构中英汉小句的句法生成,解决了以往分析法所面临的问题。在分析例外授格结构名词谓语小句时,我们发现了一种既没有题元角色又不需要格的特殊名词一小句名词谓语。在分析宾补结构中的结果补语结构时,我们发现补语结构中的小句成分没有必要像以前研究者们的分析的那样要全部移出获得时态解释,将小句看为一个照应TP投射,小句在自身范围内得到了和主句一致的时态,照应语T在汉语动结结构中可以实现为词缀体助词“了”。在英汉提升结构中,我们认为提升动词的补语是一个小句,小句的原主语提升成为主句的主语,留下语迹t为小句的主语。TP分析更符合最简方案的经济原则。更多还原

【Abstract】 Within the framework of Minimalist Program（Chomsky 2000, 2001,2005,2006）,this thesis gives an analysis regarding the categorial status of the subcategorized small clause node and the syntactic derivation of English and Chinese small clauses in different structures.It begins with a brief discussion of the notion of English and Chinese small Clauses and defines a small clause as a constituent with subject and predicate relation but lacks complementizers and inflection.Then the thesis argues against some proposed approaches to the categorial status of the small clause node such as XP analysis,IP analysis,PrP analysis, AgrP analysis and small clause（SC） analysis.We arrive at the conclusion that a small clause constituent is the maximal projection of abstract functional head anaphor T based on the TP analysis of Nasser （2007）.At last,we improve Nasser’s TP analysis and adopt it to analyze the syntactic derivation of English and Chinese small clauses in different structures such as Exceptional Case Marking（ECM） structure,SVOC structure,and raising structure.The thesis aims to give a unified and reasonable explanation for the syntactic derivation of English and Chinese small clauses and prove the explanation power and generalization of Minimalist Program.In order to explain the derivation of small clauses,the theories of Theta,Case,Features,Merging and the Operation Agree（Chomsky 1981, 2000,2001）,Multiple Agree（Hiraiwa 2001） and Feature Inheritance （Chomsky 2005,2006） have been adopted.According to Theta Theory, this thesis argues that a complement small clause as a unit gets the Theme theta-role assigned by the matrix verb.The predicate of a small clause assigns a theta-role to its subject.Different from the view of Nasser（2007）,we argue that the verbal,adjectival and prepositional predicates of small clauses do not need Case checking since the main part of Case Theory is to explain how nouns get the abstract Case. Moreover,the predicate noun of a small clause does not get any theta-role,and it does not need the Case either.According to the Split-T Hypothesis（Landau 2004）,this thesis claims that T in the main clause is non-anaphor T and the T in the small clause is anaphor T.The anaphor T is c-commanded by its antecedent non-anaphor T.The understood tense of a small clause depends on the semantics of the tense of the main clause.In light of the Features,Merging and the Operation Agree Theory （Chomsky 2000,2001） and the Multiple Agree Theory（Hiraiwa 2001）, the anaphor T in a small clause is the Probe,which can simultaneously match two Goals,i.e.the subject and predicate of a small clause.The anaphor T in a complement small clause inherits the accusative Case feature and the uninterpretableφ-features（person,number,gender） from v^*1.With respect to VP-intemal subject hypothesis and the principle that predicate theta-marks its subject,the thesis maintains that the subject of a small clause originates within predication,and then moves to[Spec,TP] to check the Extended Projection Principle（EPP） feature.The revised TP analysis may be adopted to account for the syntactic derivation of Chinese and English small clauses in typical structures such as ECM structure,SVOC structure and raising structure in a unified and successful way.Meanwhile,it can solve some problems faced by other analyses.During the nominal small clauses analysis in ECM structure, we find a special kind of nouns which need neither theta-role nor Case, i.e.the predicate nouns.When we analyze the resultative SVOC structure, we find that there is no need for all parts of a small clause to move out and get the tense explanation as the former researchers claim.The small clause itself is a TP projection,and it can get the same tense as the main clause within its own domain.The anaphor T can be realized as the affix aspect auxiliary le in Chinese resultative structures.In the English and Chinese raising structure analysis,we maintain that the complement of a raising predicate is a small clause.The original subject of a small clause is raised to become the subject of the main clause,leaving the trace t as the subject of the small clause.TP analysis is more accordant with the Economy Principle in Minimalist Program.更多还原