【作者】 陈鹏；

【导师】 陈正阳；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 近十几年来GPS迅速发展,在很多方面已被广泛应用,在测绘领域更是发挥着独特作用。利用IGS提供的精密星历和精密钟差,可以实现高精度定位和定轨,这使得GPS在确定卫星轨道、监测电离层和对流层中的工作中发挥了举足轻重的作用。但IGS仅提供15分钟、5分钟间隔的精密星历和钟差,而在实际的应用中,采样间隔一般为15秒、10秒,甚至更密,因此必须采用插值或拟合的方法将IGS精密星历和钟差内插到需要的间隔。此外,GPS高程拟合也是GPS测量数据处理的重要方面,国内外为此做了许多研究。广义延拓法是在插值法和拟合法的基础上,发展起来的一种插值方法,具有格式规范简单,不需要增加自由度类型和规模,运用原有结点和自由度就可以提高精度的优点。本文采用广义延拓法进行卫星精密星历插值、卫星精密钟差插值和GPS高程转换。通过实际的算例,分析插值精度和三个参数取值之间的关系,并将结果和其他常用插值拟合方法的结果进行比较,得到以下结论:1、广义延拓法精度与三个参数的取值有着密切的关系。在精密星历插值和精密钟差插值中,当三个参数分别为5、11、10和2、8、3时,即可取得理想的结果;2、不同卫星精密星历插值精度基本一致,而精密钟差插值精度则有着很大的差别,时间的变化对精密星历和精密钟差插值结果没有影响;3、利用广义延拓法进行GPS高程转换后,各个分区之间不存在台阶性的突变,无需再进行处理;4、通过对广义延拓法和其他常用方法处理结果的比较,可以看出广义延拓法有着较高的精度,完全适合于进行卫星精密星历插值、卫星精密钟差插值和GPS高程转换。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development in the past ten years, GPS has extensive use in many aspects, especially playing a unique role in the field of survey and mapping.Using the precise ephemeris and precise satellite clock bias provided by IGS, we can realize the positioning and orbit determination in high precision, which makes GPS play a very important role in confirming the satellite track and monitoring ionosphere and troposphere. IGS provides precise ephemeris at 15 minute or 5 minute intervals, but in practical application, it samples by interval to be generally 15 second, 10 second, even the denser, in order to get much smaller interval, it is necessary to carry out interpolation. GPS height fits is also the important respect of GPS data processing.The generalized extended interpolation method is based on the interpolation and fitting.The generalized extended interpolation method has the advantage of simple norm of forms, not needing to increase type of degree of freedom and scale, using the original joint and degree of freedom to improve the precision.The thesis uses the generalized extended interpolation method in precise satellite ephemeris and clock bias interpolation and GPS height fits.Through the example, the thesis analyzes the relation between precision and three parameters to find the proper parameter when being most high precision of interpolation and compare the result with other methods. The thesis gets the following conclusions:1, There are close relations between the precision of the generalized extended interpolation method and three parameters. In the precise ephemeris and precise clock bias interpolation, when three parameters are 5, 11, 10 and 2, 8, 3 respectively, it can make the better precision;2, The precision of precise ephemeris interpolation of different satellites is basically identical, but the precision of precise clock bias has a verygreat difference.The change of time does not make the influence of precision; 3, When the GPS height is transformed by the generalized extended interpolation method, there is no step sudden change between each point of districts,so it does not need to deal with again;4, Through the comparison of the result of the generalized extended interpolation method and other common methods, we can find the generalized extended interpolation method has higher precision, so it is totally suitable for carrying on the satellite precise ephemeris and precise clock bias interpolation and GPS height fitting.更多还原