【作者】 王斌；

【导师】 刘志刚；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 病原生物学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 居室螨类是室内重要的过敏原,可引起过敏性哮喘等多种过敏性疾病。居室螨类的丰富度和分布的地理差异研究,对居室螨类及其过敏原的防治具有重要作用。本研究共分三部分,首先对我国不同地理区域的室内螨类进行大规模的调查,其研究结果填补了我国该研究领域的空白,并为尘螨过敏原疫苗的研制提供了理论依据。研究以我国不同地理区域内的床尘螨类为调查对象,分别对我国南部(广州和深圳,n=172)、中部(上海和南昌, n=126)和北部(北京和沈阳,n=112)地区的不同居室类型(家庭、宾馆和学生寝室)的床尘进行采集,共采集灰尘样品410个,从其中242个样品(占总数59%)中分离出螨8 467只。其中屋尘螨和粉尘螨为主要优势螨种。在非蚍螨科螨类中,热带剥爪螨在我国南部的床尘中具有较高的数量(17.4%)。我国南部和中部地区螨的阳性率都要高于北部(X~2=29.6, P<0.001)。环境因子和螨致敏危险性之间的相关性分析表明,南部地区和中部地区床尘的螨的致敏危险性分别为北部地区的7.4倍(P<0.001)和8.6倍(P<0.001)。家庭和学生寝室床尘中螨的致敏危险性要显著高于宾馆。随着楼层的增高,螨的致敏危险性则显著下降(P=0.009)。其次,本研究还以我国亚热带区域---深圳地区的居室尘螨作为研究对象,对深圳地区居室尘螨的区系分布及季节消长进行研究。此研究是国内首次对深圳地区室内尘螨进行调查研究,进一步丰富了我国尘螨生态学的研究内容,同时为尘螨过敏性疾病的防治提供了理论基础。调查采用随机和固定相结合的采集方式,共采集灰尘样品989个,全年螨孳生率为45.2%(447/989),共分离10 042只螨,已鉴定的螨类涉及17科20属,发现粉尘螨和屋尘螨是该地区的主要优势螨类。全年均可检出尘螨,以7-9月最多,而螨的物种数最多出现在9月(23种),3月最少(3种)。全年尘螨的季节消长显示:活螨的平均密度可见两个高峰期,分别为1-3月和5-7月,而死螨最明显的高峰期则出现在1-3月,且其峰值远远高于同期活螨的峰值。为了进一步了解深圳地区的居室尘螨区系分布,本研究在对深圳某高校床尘螨的补充调查中发现(n=308),螨孳生率为88%(271/308)。粉尘螨、屋尘螨和热带剥爪螨为主要优势螨类,分别占总螨数的29.7%、21.7%和17.9%。性别(男vs.女),床上覆盖物(竹席vs.床单)、空调的安装(有无)和日使用时间(<2h, 2-8h和>8h)对螨的阳性率没有显著影响(均P>0.05)。使用床单的危险性要高于只使用竹席(OR=2.62, P=0.013)。采样点的相对湿度对螨的阳性率,及致敏危险性影响显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Domestic mites are generally acknowledged as the most important sources of indoor allergen related to asthma and related respiratory allergies. Information about distribution and abundance of domestic mites is necessarily for their control and antigen avoidance. Our study was divided into three parts. First, we conducted a larger scale survey of domestic mites from three different parts of the country. This study filled the gaps in the research field of China and provided a theoretical basic for the research of mite allergen vaccine. A total of 410 mattress dust samples was collected from home, campus dormitory and hotel in south (Shenzhen and Guangzhou cities, n= 172), central (Nanchang and Shanghai, n= 126) and north (Beijing and Shenyang, n= 112) regions of China. Mites were found in 242 (59.0%) dust samples and 8 467 mite individuals were identified. D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae were two predominant species in three geographical regions. In nonpyroglyphid mites, Blomia tropicalis was found especially prevalent in south region of China (17.4%). mite positive rate (X~2= 29.6, P<0.001) in south and central China was significantly higher than it in north China. The relationship of environmental variables and the risk of mite sensitization (100 mites/gram) were analyzed. It was found that the risks in south and central region are 7.4 (P<0.001) and 8.6 (P<0.001) times respectively higher than that in north region. The home and campus dormitory mattress had higher risk (Odds ratio: 2.7 and 1.1), compared with hotel mattress. It was found that the increase of floor level of sampling room could reduce the risk of mite sensitization (P=0.009). Second, our research also studied faunal survey and seasonal prevalence of house dust mites in the urban area of subtropical climate --- Shenzhen. This study was the first of monitoring house dust mites in Shenzhen throughout the year. It enriched the ecological study of domestic mites and provided a theoretical foundation for the allergic diseases of house dust mites. A total of 989 dust samples was collect by combining Random with fixed. Mites were found in 447 ( 45.2%) dust samples and 10 042 mites were identified by microscopy, and refered to 17 families and 20 genera. D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus were two predominant species in Shenzhen. Mites could find in the samples all the year round and the specie in july-september was most(23 species) and in January-March least(3 species).Domestic mites with seasonal prevalence showed two peaks of the average density of live mites, one was in January-March, another was in May-July. The peak of dead mites was in January-March and far higher than the same peak of live mites. In addition, in order to investigate the fauna of house dust mite in Shenzhen region more detailed, it was suggested in the other investigation of mites in mattress dusts collected from college dormitories in Shenzhen (n= 308) the mite occurrence rate was 88% ( 271/308 ). Mites (6 163 individuals) isolated from those dust samples refer to 14 families 15 genera. D. farinae、D. pteronyssinus and B. tropicalis were the most abundant mite species and respecitively occupied 29.7%、21.7%and 17.9% of total mites. It was found that student sex ( male vs. female ), mattress cover( bamboo matting vs. bed sheet ), air conditioner installation ( yes vs. no ) and daily using of air conditioner ( < 2h, 2-8 and > 8h ) had no significant influence on mite occurrence rate ( P value all > 0.05 ). The risk of using bed sheet was significantly higher than using bamboo matting (OR= 2.62, P= 0.013). Relative humidity (RH) in sampling place had significant influence on the prevalence of mite.更多还原