【作者】 张秀波；

【导师】 刘玉升；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 泰山位于山东省中部,属中原暖温带季风型气候区域,气候四季分明,平均气温5.3℃,年平均降水量1132mm,相对高差1400米,蕴藏着丰富的动植物资源。泰山植被属暖温带落叶阔叶林地带,植被丰茂、物种齐全,森林覆盖率81.5%,植被覆盖率达90%,有丰富的自然野生食用、药用菌资源。泰山虫草(Cordyceps taishanensis)是泰山的珍贵资源之一,自然野生蛹虫草是其中具有代表性的种类之一,隶属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、核菌纲(Pyrenomycetes)、麦角菌目(Clavioipitales)、麦角菌科(Clavicipitaceae)、虫草属(Cordyceps)的子囊真菌(李翠新等,2007)。泰山虫草具有很高的药用价值和保健作用,近年来遭到人们的乱挖乱采,自然野生资源逐渐枯竭。为了保护和充分开发利用泰山珍贵资源,山东农业大学植物保护学院环境生物与昆虫资源研究所对自然野生泰山虫草开展系统的调查研究工作。本文对虫草的概念以及冬虫夏草、蛹虫草和泰山虫草的研究现状作了系统的概述,采集到三种不同的自然野生泰山虫草,并对虫草菌进行了研究。在大米培养基上成功培养出子实体,对豆天蛾幼虫、黄粉虫蛹、美国白蛾蛹、大麦虫幼虫、白星花金龟甲幼虫、独角仙幼虫六种昆虫进行交叉接种试验,以黄粉虫蛹、美国白蛾蛹、豆天蛾幼虫为寄生体成功培育出子实体。在泰山上采集到的三种原寄生体昆虫为:栎黄掌舟蛾(Phalera assimilis Bremer et Grey)、褐边绿刺蛾(Parasa consocia Walker)、栗六点天蛾(Marumba sperchius Menetries)。从栎黄掌舟蛾蛹虫草分离到5个菌株、褐边绿刺蛾蛹虫草分离到2个菌株、栗六点天蛾虫草分离到2个菌株,经过分离纯化和培养形状的比较观察,结果显示从栎黄掌舟蛾蛹虫草分离到5个菌株虽在培养性状上虽略有差异但同属一种菌,标记为Ⅰ;褐边绿刺蛾蛹虫草分离到2个菌株同属一种菌,标记为Ⅱ;栗六点天蛾虫草分离到2个菌株同属一种菌,标记为Ⅲ。将3种菌株分别接种到大米培养基上,结果表明只有Ⅰ菌株长出子实体,而Ⅱ菌株不能形成原基不能长出子实体,Ⅲ菌株能形成原基,不能长出子实体。交叉接种实验结果表明:①接种Ⅰ菌株和Ⅲ菌株的豆天蛾幼虫均能在虫体表面长出白色气生菌丝、子实体。接种Ⅲ菌株生长速度比接种Ⅰ菌株快,接种Ⅱ菌株不能长出白色菌丝,虫体腐烂发臭不能长出子实体。②接种黄粉虫蛹三种菌株均能长出白色气生菌丝、子实体,Ⅰ菌株生长较快,Ⅱ菌株和Ⅲ菌株生长较慢。③接种美国白蛾蛹后三种菌株均能长出白色气生菌丝、子实体,Ⅰ菌株生长较快,Ⅱ菌株和Ⅲ菌株生长较慢。④接种大麦虫幼虫三种菌株均能产生白色菌丝,虫体腐烂发臭未长出子实体。Ⅰ菌株产生白色菌丝速度比Ⅱ菌株和Ⅲ菌株快。⑤接种三种菌株的蛴螬幼虫和独角仙幼虫,均不能长出白色菌丝,虫体腐烂发臭不能长出子实体。本文为利用原寄生体昆虫人工培育泰山虫草奠定了良好的基础,在人工养殖栎黄掌舟蛾的基础上,将Ⅰ菌株接种到栎黄掌舟蛾的蛹体上,人工调节生态环境,可生产真正的蛹虫草,满足市场对野生蛹虫草的大量需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taishan Mountain is located in the middle of Shandong Province,belongs to warm temperate monsoon climate area, has four distinct climate seasons, the average temperature is 5.3℃, mean annual precipitation is 1132 millimeters, altitude difference is 1400 meters, is rich in flora and fauna resources. The vegetation cover of Taishan is warm-temperate vegetation deciduous broad-leaved forest, it has rich vegetation cover and complete species, the forest cover rate is 81.5%, the vegetation cover rate is 90%, it has plenty of natural wild edible and medical fungus resources.Cordyceps taishanensis is one of precious resources of Taishan, natural wild Cordyceps militaris is one of the typical types, attach to Ascomycota, Pyrenomycetes, Clavioipitales, Clavicipitaceae, Cordyceps. They have high medicinal value and health function, and were gathered immoderately by people in recent years, wild resources become gradually exhausted. In order to protect and full development and utilization of the natural resources of Taishan, Institute of Environment biology and Insect resources, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University did a great deal works of investigation and research of wild Cordyceps taishanensis.In this paper, we summarized systematically of the concept of Cordyceps, the current situation of Cordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps militaris and Cordyceps taishanensis. We collected three different hostes of wild Cordyceps taishanensis also studied on the Cordyceps Strains. Cultivate sporophore with the rice culture medium, did cross inoculation testes on six kinds of insects, larvae of Clanis bilineata Walker, pupae of Tenebrio molitor, pupae of Hyphantria cunea, larvae of superworm, larvae of Potosia (liocola) brevitarsis (Levis) and larvae of Hercules Beetle etc. Train out sporophore with parasitic insects on larvae of Clanis bilineata Walker, pupae of Tenebrio molitor and pupae of Hyphantria cunea.The three original parasitic insect vectores which collected on Taishan were Phalera assimilis Bremer et Grey, Parasa consocia Walker, Marumba sperchius Menetries. The five strains that isolated from Phalera assimilis Bremer et Grey Cordyceps militaris, After separation and purification comparative observation culture characters, the results showed that five strains although have a slightly different but were the same Cordyceps Strain, signed asⅠ, two strains from Parasa consocia Walker Cordyceps militaris, signed asⅡ, two strains from Marumba sperchius Menetries. Cordyceps militaris, signed asⅢ. The three strains were inoculated to the rice culture, the results showed thatⅠcan cultivate sporophore,Ⅱcan not cultivate primordia and sporophore,Ⅲcan cultivate primordia but no sporophore.The results of cross-inoculation show that,①the larvae of Clanis bilineata Walker inoculated strainⅠandⅢ, the insects all cultivate white aerial hypha and sporophore, inoculated strainⅢgrowth rate were faster thanⅠ, the insects that inoculatedⅡcan not cultivate white aerial hypha, decomposed and stink can not cultivate sporophore.②the pupae of Tenebrio molitor inoculated three strains, the insects all cultivate white aerial hypha and sporophore, strainⅠgrowth rate were faster, strainⅡandⅢslower.③the pupae of Hyphantria cunea inoculated three strains, the insects all cultivate white aerial hypha and sporophore, strainⅠgrowth rate were faster, strainⅡandⅢslower..④the larvae of superworm inoculated with three strains, the insects all cultivate white aerial hypha, decomposed and stink can not cultivate sporophore. strainⅠgrowth rate were faster than strainⅡandⅢ.⑤the larvae of Potosia (liocola) brevitarsis (Levis) and larvae of Hercules Beetle inoculated with three strains, can not cultivate white aerial hypha, decomposed and stink can not cultivate sporophore.This article provides the foundation for using original-parasitic insects artificial breeding genuine Cordyceps taishanensis. On the basis of artificial breeding Phalera assimilis Bremer et Grey, inoculated strainⅠin the pupae of Phalera assimilis Bremer et Grey, Artificial regulate the ecological environment, can produce real Cordyceps militaris, supply the market demand for a large number of wild Cordyceps militaris.更多还原