【作者】 王文龙；

【导师】 张晓辉；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 播种是农业生产中的重要环节,是保证丰产丰收的基础。目前,国内使用的精密播种机绝大多数是机械式播种机。在播种过程中,其排种过程处于全封闭的状态,机手对播种机的工作状态及性能主要依靠经验判断,其结果缺乏科学性和准确性,容易导致一行或数行“断条”性漏播,从而导致农业减产。所以对于精密播种机,配备可靠性高、性能完善的工况参数监测,利用自动补偿系统对“断条”性漏播进行自动补种,提高作业质量,对实现智能化播种具有深远的意义。本文研究的小麦精密播种机自动补偿式监控系统,就是在普通精密播种机的基础上,利用较先进的测控技术,将传感器技术与自动控制技术结合起来,提高系统的性能,实现精密播种机的智能化、自动化:若播种机播种出现故障,它可进行自动监控和声光双向报警,及时通知驾驶员故障的位置和性质;同时如果排种器出现故障,可以进行自动补偿,直到停车,最大限度地避免漏种现象的发生,极大提高了播种机的工作质量和智能化水平。本文在对目前国内外同类系统进行大量比较分析的基础上,对智能系统的总体方案进行了分析,根据系统的要求,对系统软、硬件进行了设计。主要内容包括检测电路的设计、声光报警电路的设计、单片机系统的端口扩展和电路设计、显示系统电路的设计、D/A转换电路的设计等。系统软件采用汇编语言编制系统监控程序,采用模块化设计思想,根据硬件功能将系统划分为四个主要的功能模块,即传感器测试电路信号采集模块、对播种机各性能指标的实时显示模块、声光报警电路控制模块、以及经过D/A转换实现步进电机带动排种器实现自动补偿播种的控制模块。通过最后的综合调试与性能试验,结果表明,整个系统运行准确、可靠,基本达到了预期的目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Seeding, which is the basis of ensuring high-yield and harvest, is an important link during the process of agricultural production. At present, the most-widely used precision seeder is the mechanical seeder. In the course of seeding, sowing is in a completely closed state and handler judges the work condition and quality of the machine mainly by experience, which lacks accurateness and science. This will result in one or more lines to be left and the decrease of agricultural harvest. Therefore, for precision seeder, it has a deep influence to equip it with highly reliable and perfect parameter observation of the seeders working condition and to use the automatic compensatory system to compensate the lines neglected automatically and improve the quality of seeding in order to realize the idea of intelligentized seedingIn this paper, compensation of wheat precision seeder automatic is a monitoring system. On basis of ordinary precision seeder, combining sensor technology with automatic control technology is to take advantage of advanced monitoring and control technology to improve the performance of system and make the precision seeder intellective and automation. If seeder comes into trouble, the system can automatically monitor and sound and light alarm system and notify the driver the location and nature of this trouble in time. If the discharging-seed device comes into trouble, the system can be automatic compensation until stopping, which can avoid omitting seeds on a large scale and greatly improve the work quality and intellective level of the seeder.Comparing with and analyzing present domestic and international similar system, this paper analyses the overall plan of the intellective system and designs hardware of the system in accordance with the requirements of the system. Main content contains the design of monitoring the electric circuit, sound and light alarm electric circuit, expansion of single-chip system and design of circuit,displaying system electric circuit, D/A conversion electric circuit and so on. System software uses assembly language to write a program for system monitoring and adopts the thinking of modular. It can be divides into four major parts, namely, module of receptor’s testing electric circuit and gathering signals, modules of revealing the seeder’s condition timely, module of alarming with sound and light and controlling the electric circuit and module of automatic compensation of seeding with the force from engine.Through the final comprehensive adoption and test, it shows that the whole system can run accurately and reliably and has achieved the expected goal basically.更多还原