【作者】 张小卿；

【导师】 张维竞；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 轮机工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着世界经济的向前发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,人类需要更多的自然资源来满足生产和生活的需要,能源问题日益突出。为了满足对能源日益增长的需求,人类逐渐把目光投向了海洋,海洋蕴藏着丰富的矿物资源和油气资源。因此,开采这些矿物资源和油气资源对世界经济的发展以及缓解能源危机具有十分重要的意义。海上地震勘探技术是勘探海底石油分布的重要手段,目前世界上已成功使用四维地震技术和多分量勘探技术。海上地震拖缆系统是用来勘探海底石油分布的勘探系统,通常由海洋勘探船、引导拖缆、零浮力拖缆阵列、水下拖体、各种探测控制设备等组成。海上地震拖缆控制系统主要包括对拖体的运动控制与拖缆本身的控制。拖缆本身的控制一般是指拖缆的定深控制,随着高精度海洋勘探的出现而逐渐被人们重视。定深控制器通常是一种小型缆载可控水翼,也叫做“水鸟”,通常以一定的间距分布于零浮力的阵列拖缆上,通过调节攻角产生升力,改变拖缆在水中的深度。本文以新型嵌入式水鸟为研究对象,以海上地震拖缆运动定位与控制为目的,在对嵌入式水鸟水动力特性进行计算分析的基础上,提出了一个地震拖缆系统定位与控制的实现方案。本文的主要研究工作及结论可以归纳如下:首先在了解课题研究背景基础上介绍了海洋地震勘探技术、海洋地震勘探拖缆系统,以及当前世界上普遍使用的四维地震技术和多分量勘探技术,回顾了拖缆系统运动控制技术的研究与发展过程,并确立了本文的研究工作和任务。在现有理论基础上,建立了海上地震拖缆运动三维数学模型及稳定直航下的简化模型。忽略海洋环境的影响,只考虑拖缆在水下垂直深度,建立拖缆运动二维数学模型,并在给定初始条件下进行仿真求解。对比拖缆在定深控制器和没有定深控制器作用下的运动状态,结果说明定深控制器在拖缆定位与控制方面的重要性。完成对嵌入式水鸟的水动力特性分析,利用前处理软件GAMBIT建立水鸟几何模型,并进行网格划分,然后利用数值分析软件FLUENT进行数值计算,得到水鸟水翼的升力特性图和水动力特性等,为后面的系统方案设计提供理论依据。在海上地震拖缆运动数学模型和嵌入式水鸟水动力特性基础上,提出了一个海上地震拖缆运动定位与控制系统的实现方案,包括系统的总体结构,系统各功能模块及实现方案,系统控制流程,系统工作模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the development of the world economy and the improvement of the people’s live standard, humankind need more nature sources to satisfy the demands of production and life, so the energy sources crisis becomes more and more prominent. IN order to meet the increased demands of energy sources, humankind gradually pay their attention to the ocean which contains rich mineral sources and oil sources. Hence, it is strongly significant to exploit these sources for the development of the world economy and abirritation of the energy source crisis.Marine seismic exploration is a very important means to explore the oil distribution of seabed. Now four-dimensional seismic technology and multi-component sea bottom seismic have been used successfully. Marine seismic streams system is an exploration system to explore the oil distribution of seabed, which usually consists of marine exploration ship direction cable, zero- buoyancy streamers, underwater tow-body and all kings of exploration & controlling equipments. Marine seismic streamers controlling system mainly includes the control of the tow-body and the control of the cables. The Control of cables usually means the depth control, which has been more and more regarded as the appearance of high precision exploration. Depth control device usually is a kind of small cable-attached controllable wings, which also is called“bird”. It is distributed in the streamers at a constant distance, produces the lift by adjusting the attack angle and changes the depth of cables under water.This thesis takes a new embedded bird as research object, aims to the position and control of the marine seismic streamers and brings forward a mean of position and control of the system on the base of the hydrodynamic analysis on embedded bird. The main tasks and conclusions of this paper can conclude as following:Firstly, on the base of understanding the program background, this paper introduces the developing actuality of marine seismic exploration technology, marine seismic exploration streamers system, four-dimension seismic technology and multi-component sea bottom seismic which are usually used in the world, reviews the research and developing process of the streamers system’s movement controlling technology and establishes the research work and tasks of the thesis.Based on existing theories, establishes movement three-dimension mathematic model of marine seismic streamers and the simple model in the state of steady navigation. Ignoring the fluence of ocean environment and considering the depth of streamers only, establishes movement two-dimension mathematic model of marine seismic streamers and solves it through simulation means when given initial values. The results show that the depth controlling device has a relative large effect on position and controlling of streamers.This paper accomplishes the hydrodynamic character analysis of embedded bird, establishes geometric model of bird by using preceding software Gambit and processes the gridding distributing, then analyses & calculates it with Numerical Calculation software FlUENT. A lift-angle of attack diagram and hydrodynamic characteristics are obtained, which will provide the theory direction for designing the system.On the basis of the movement model of seismic streamers and hydrodynamic character analysis of embedded bird, this paper brings forward a means of marine seismic streamers’movement position and control, which includes entire frame figure of the system, function models of the system, controlling flow of system and work patterns of the system.更多还原