【作者】 张轶；

【导师】 刘伟；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 随着软件产业的发展,软件系统呈现出大型化、复杂化趋势,模块化技术越来越广泛的被应用在软件系统中。软件模块化的相关研究也逐渐成为学术界关注的热点。目前的软件模块化研究,大多从软件工程的角度入手,以系统本位的思路,就软件模块化的设计方法及其约束机制等问题展开讨论,对用户需求等外部因素与软件模块化之间的互动行为关注较少。然而,不能忽视的是软件系统作为一种高用户互动性产品,其自身模块化的本质在于满足用户需求。基于此,我们选取软件系统的外部视点为出发点,以软件系统的用户需求为导向,对软件的模块化结构进行审视,以求明确用户需求对软件模块化的影响机理,构建用户需求角度的软件模块化效果评价体系。在本文的研究场景假设上,我们分别构建了软件系统的模块架构与软件系统的用户需求。利用软件架构理论中的“构件-连接件”结构对软件系统的模块化架构进行表达;利用软件需求工程中的“用况-对象”概念构建软件系统的模块化结构与用户需求之间的交互通道;利用时序域中的需求动态性假设及其因素分析,构建软件系统的动态用户需求,构造基于时序域的二维函数区间对其需求动态性进行描述和表达。在需求与模块化结构的交互机理上,我们利用质量功能配置中的关联矩阵对软件系统各层次间的关联关系进行梳理;根据系统架构与用况场景假设,制定系统层次间的关联规则;利用基于矩阵算法的关联性分析,建立系统模块与最终用户需求的互动路径与互动范围。最终,明确了用户需求在系统结构中的影响机理。在模块化结构的评价方面,我们按照成本归集法构建了若干用户需求到系统模块化结构的动态性影响指标;提出了系统层面以及模块层面的动态性评价内容;设计了基于值评价、区间评价、特征评价的系统模块化结构评价方法,及其计算步骤。在理论验证方面,我们应用文中理论,对实际软件系统进行了示例演算,得到了合理的评价结果。最后,我们总结了全文内容,并对后续研究进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Accomplished with the growth of software industrial, software systems nowadays are tend to be more large in scales and more complex in structures. The technology of modularity is more and more widely used in software systems. And the research of software modularity is also becoming more and more popular in academe. Most of current software modularity studies are start with in the field of software engineering, and expand the topics of modularity design approaches or constrains mechanism on the basic of system standard. They usually pay not much attention on the interrelationship actions of software system and external factors like customer needs. But what can’t be ignored is that software itself as a highly user interaction product, it is the customers’needs that is the essentiality of its modularity. Based on this fact, we take the external viewpoint of software system as a start line, consider customers’requirements as the guide of our research, and review the modularity structure of software system from a whole new angle. From this new study, we hope to clarify the infection mechanism between customer requirements and software modularity structures, build the index system of software modularity level evaluation from customers’viewpoint.In the aspect of research scene resume, we respectively built the software system modularity structure model and the requirements model. We use the“components-connections”structure to express the modularity structure of software system; use“use case-object”pattern to construct the interactive channel between software modularity structure and customers’requirements; use the dynamic resume of requirements in timing sequence domain and factors analysis to build the dynamic requirements of software systems, and construct a timing sequence domain based two-dimensional function to describe it.In the aspect of inter mechanism of requirements and modularity structure, we borrow the idea of relationship matrix in quality function deployment to clarify the relationships of different system levels. We build the relate role of system levels according to the resumes of system structure and use case scene. We use a relationship analysis based on matrix algorithm, to describe the approach and arrange of requirements- modules interaction.In the aspect of modularity structure evaluation, we use cost accumulation to build the evaluation index of system dynamics from customer requirements to system modularity structure. We provide the evaluation contents from both system level and comments level, designed a evaluation approach and its detailed calculation steps base on numerical value evaluation, interval evaluation and modality evaluationTo verify the theory of our research, we practiced an example system use the approaches provided in this paper, and got a reasonable evaluation result.At last, we sum up all the contents of the paper, and discussed the following research aspects.更多还原