【作者】 朱薇；

【导师】 封超年；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验于2006-2008年在扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理实验室试验场实施,采用盆钵试验探讨了土壤速效磷含量和施磷量对弱筋小麦物质生产和产量形成的影响,试验设定了土壤速效磷含量<10mg/kg、18²0mg/kg和>30mg/kg三种土壤磷水平,并分别定义为低磷土壤、中磷土壤和高磷土壤（下同）,研究了磷素对弱筋小麦扬麦15植株磷素吸收、籽粒蛋白质合成、籽粒淀粉积累以及加工品质的调节效应,并分析磷素对扬麦15花后剑叶SPAD值和MDA含量,以期为不同速效磷含量土壤上合施用磷肥实现弱筋小麦优质高产栽培提供理论依据。试验主要结果如下:1磷素对扬麦15物质生产与产量形成的影响土壤速效磷含量和适宜的施磷量在一定范围内有利于提高扬麦15的光合面积、增加植株干物质积累量、分蘖发生数、茎蘖成穗率,穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,最终提高产量,当施磷量超过适宜值以后继续增加施磷上述相关指标和产量均下降,不同速效磷含量的土壤上扬麦15均存在一个适宜施磷量范围,在适宜施磷量范围内,随着施磷量的增加,植株茎蘖数、茎蘖成穗率,植株干物质积累量,花后剑叶SPAD值,产量及其构成因素相应增加,而花后剑叶的MDA含量随着施磷量的升高而下降。在本试验条件下,不同速效磷含量土壤类型获得最高籽粒产量的施磷量（P2O5）处理分别为:低磷土壤为180kg/hm²处理,中磷土壤为108 kg/hm²处理,高磷土壤为36～72 kg/hm²处理。2磷素对扬麦15籽粒品质的影响弱筋小麦扬麦15在低磷土壤条件下,蛋白质含量在施磷量（P₂O₅）0¹44 kg/hm²范围内随着施磷量的增加而升高,蛋白质产量在试验施磷量范围内随着施磷量的增加而提高;中磷土壤条件下,在施磷量（P₂O₅）36¹08kg/hm²范围内随着施磷量的增加而降低,蛋白质产量在施磷量（P₂O₅）0¹08 kg/hm²范围内随着施磷量的增加而提高;在高磷土壤条件下,施磷量对扬麦15籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量的调节效应减弱。根据国标GB/T17893-1999优质弱筋小麦蛋白质含量的要求（蛋白质含量（%）≤11.5）,综合两年试验结果来看,在低磷土壤条件下,施磷量（P₂O₅）0¹44kg/hm²范围内、中磷土壤条件下施磷量（P2O5）0¹08kg/hm²范围内、高磷土壤条件下施磷量（P2O5）0⁷2kg/hm²范围内弱筋小麦扬麦15蛋白质含量达标。弱筋小麦扬麦15在不同速效磷含量土壤上适宜的施磷量处理:低磷土壤条件下施磷量（P₂O₅）108～144kg/hm²,在中磷土壤条件下施磷量（P2O5）72～108 kg/hm²,在高磷土壤条件下施磷量（P₂O₅）36⁷2 kg/hm²时,其湿面筋含量、面团稳定时间、破损淀粉含量最低,总淀粉含量,直链淀粉含量最高。根据不同土壤磷水平和施磷量对弱筋小麦扬麦15产量和品质影响的试验结果,对不同速效磷含量土壤类型的弱筋小麦生产推荐施磷量（P₂O₅）范围为:低磷土壤为108 ¹44kg/hm²,中磷土壤为72¹08 kg/hm²,高磷土壤为0⁷2 kg/hm²。3土壤速效磷含量和施磷量对扬麦15磷效率的影响本试验研究认为土壤速效磷含量和施磷量对小麦磷效率有不同程度的调节效应。在土壤速效磷含量比较低的条件下,施用磷肥对增产有明显效果,在速效磷含量比较高的土壤上施用磷肥的增产效果减弱,过量施磷肥甚至有负效应。在同一速效磷含量土壤下,各处理的磷肥农学利用率均随施磷量的增加而下降,低磷土壤条件下各处理的磷肥农学利用率大于中磷土壤条件下各处理,远大于高磷土壤条件下各处理。土壤中速效磷含量不同,施用磷肥后,磷肥的当季利用率表现为低磷土壤>中磷土壤>高磷土壤,磷收获指数也表现为低磷土壤条件下各处理的平均值>中磷土壤>高磷土壤。在不同速效磷含量土壤上,适宜的施磷量有利于磷肥当季利用率的提高,即使在低磷土壤条件下,过量的施磷,也会导致磷肥当季利用率的下降。磷肥生产效率均表现为随着施磷量（P₂O₅）的增加而下降,土壤速效磷含量越高,磷肥生产效率下降幅度越大。在不同速效磷含量土壤上要合理确定施磷量,减少资源的不必要浪费同时达到高产的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of different available phosphorus contents in soil and phosphorus application amount on the characteristics of phosphorus absorption, protein synthesis and starch accumulation in grains, grain milling quality, SPAD value and MDA content in flag leaves in weak-gluten wheat Yangmai15 were studied on the field of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University in 2006-2008. The experiments divided soil available phosphorus contents into three groups, ie.low-P level （available phosphorus content in soil < 10mg/kg）, medium-P level （available phosphorus content in soil between 18 mg/kg and 20mg/kg） and high-P level （available phosphorus content in soil >30mg/kg ） The main results were as follows.1. The effects of phosphorus （P） on dry matter production and yield formation in Yangmai 15The high available P content in soil and applying P fertilizer in a certain extent was beneficial to the increase of photosynthetic area, the amount of dry matter accumulation, the number of tillers, the rate of eared tillers, spike number, grain number per ear and grain weight. The above-mentioned indicators declined when the P application amount was more than the appropriate amount. Available phosphorus content of different soils had different suitable P application amount. The experiments showed that the tiller number of plants, earing percentage of main stems and tillers, amount of dry matter accumulation, SPAD value of flag leaf after anthesis, yield and its components increased monotonically, while the MDA content in flag leaf declined with the increasing of P application rate in the appropriate range. Under this experiment, the treatment of applying 180 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 in low-P level field, the treatment of applying 108 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 in medium P level field, the treatment of applying 36⁷2 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 in high P level field would get the highest yield.2 Effects of P on grain quality in Yangmai 15Grain protein content and protein accumulation amount of Yangmai 15 in low-P field would raise with the increasing of P application at the range of 0 144 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2, and in medium P level field at the range of 36 108 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2, while the regulation effects would weaken in high-P level field. According to GB/T17893-1999 Wheat quality requirements （protein content （%）≤11.5）, applying P fertilizer at the range of 0 144 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 in low-P level field, 0 108 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 in medium-P level field, 0 72 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 in high-P level field could reach the standard. The wet gluten content, dough stability time, damaged starch content was the lowest for the treatment of 108¹44 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 application amount in low-P field, 72¹08 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 in medium-P field, 36⁷2 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 in high-P field, while the total starch content, amylose content was the highest. Based on the results obtained, when the available phosphorus was lower than 10 mg/kg, the phosphate fertilizer should range from 108 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 to 144 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2. When the available phosphorus ranged from 18 mg/kg to 20mg/kg, the phosphorus applied should be from 72 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 to 108 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2. When the available phosphorus was more than 30 mg/kg, the phosphorus should be from 0 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2 to 72 kg P₂O₅ hm^-2.3 Effects of the content of available P in soil and P application amount on phosphorus efficiency in wheat Yangmai 15The effects of the content of available P in soil and P application amount on phosphorus efficiency in wheat Yangmai 15 were slightly different. The stimulation effect of applying P was obvious when the available phosphorus content in soil was relatively low, the yield-increasing effect decreased while applying phosphate fertilizer in the field which available phosphorus content in soil was relatively high, excessive phosphorus even had negative effects. In soil with the same available phosphorus content, the fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency decreased with the increasing of phosphorus application amount, the fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency in low-P field was higher than that in medium P field, and far more than that in high-P field. In the fields with different available phosphorus contents, the suitable amount of phosphorus application was helpful to the utilization of phosphorus for this season, even in low-phosphorus fields, the excess phosphorus would lead to a decline in the utilization of phosphorus. The efficiency of phosphate fertilizer production decreased with the increasing of phosphorus application, the more content of available P in soil, the greater the decrease of the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer production.更多还原