【作者】 占康；

【导师】 孙旭培；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 新闻学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在世界各国中,中国的新闻自由度排名一直靠后,提倡新闻自由和新闻体制改革的呼声也越来越高,学者们也提出了各种各样的建议。新闻体制是国家对新闻业制定的管理制度,反映了国家对媒体的控制程度,也就是该国的新闻自由度。因此对新闻体制的探讨有着重要的意义。本文首创性地从政府对新闻控制的程度上来探讨新闻体制,并系统性地将世界新闻体制分为集权型、自由型和混合型这三类体制,混合型的体制的提法也是本文的创新之处,本文尝试着将这三类体制进行比较分析,总结出各自的优劣,最终目的是为中国的新闻体制改革提供借鉴。本文主体分为四部分。第一部分结合案例分析比较集权主义新闻体制的特点。按照控制主体的不同选取了三个案例:个人垄断的法西斯新闻体制、政党控制的前苏联模式、教会控制的伊朗模式,最后总结出集权主义新闻体制的特性。第二部分结合案例分析自由主义新闻体制的特点。以美国、英国、法国为代表对各国新闻法制进行文本分析,以此来总结出自由主义新闻体制的特性。第三部分是关于自由和集权兼有的混合型体制,以埃及、印度和前南斯拉夫三个国家进行个案分析比较各自新闻自由度高低将其进一步分为偏自由型和偏混合型,目的是为第四部分的中国新闻体制改革提供依据。第四部分主要论述中国的新闻体制的基本特点以及新闻自由度逐渐提高的表现。最后,根据中国的国情,对中国新闻体制改革提出个人设想——借鉴混合型体制中的偏自由型的模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 As of various countries, China’s news degree-of-freedom place continuously, advocated that the freedom of the press and the news organizational reform’s call is also getting higher and higher, some scholars also put forward various proposals. The journalism system was formulated by the nation so the press can be controlled in certain extent. And from this context what we understand is that, how much the media is controlled by the government. And it also shows the country’s degree of freedom. Therefore discussing on this topic has the vital significance to the news system’s discussion. This Paper originates the nature to come up the discussion news system from the government to the news control degree, and systematically divides in to three kinds of systems. That are the world news system the centralization, the freedom and mixed., the mixed system’s formulation is also on this paper place of innovation, this paper attempts is carrying on these three kind of systems. The comparative analysis summarizes the respective fit and unfit quality, the final goal is to provide for China’s news organizational reform uses for reference.This paper is mainly divides into four parts.Part one analysis comparison centralization principle news system’s characteristic. Has selected three cases differently according to the control main body: Individual monopoly’s Fascist news system, the political party control the former Soviet Union pattern, the church control’s Iranian pattern, and finally it summarizes the centralization principle news system’s characteristics.Part two analysis liberalism news system’s characteristic. That are the US, Britain, France carry on the text analysis as representative to various countries’ news legal system, summarizes by this stems from the point of principle news systems characteristic.Part three is the mixed system which has at the same time about the freedom and the centralization, like Egyptian, Indian and the former Yugoslavian. Those three countries carries on the case analysis to compare the respective news degree-of-freedom height to further divide into it the leaning freedom and the learning mixed type, so that the goal is provide as the fourth part of Chinese news organizational reform the basis. Part four and the final part mainly elaborate the performance which China’s news system and essential features as well as the news degree-of-freedom gradually enhance. The destination of the paper proposed, according to China’s national condition, to the Chinese news organizational reform that conceives personally profits from the mixed system’s to leaning freedom pattern.更多还原