【作者】 周军；

【导师】 吴汉荣；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 儿少卫生与妇幼保健， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:分析武汉市小学生与国内部分城市小学生数学能力的差异,探索武汉市小学生数学能力的主要影响因素,为进一步研究和干预提供参考。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取湖北武汉市、黑龙江、河北、江苏、海南、甘肃和贵州等七省城市的普通小学一～六年级4285名小学生。采用经专家认证的《中国小学生数学基本能力测试量表》进行团体测试。该量表包括数学运算能力、逻辑思维与空间视觉能力,计12个分测试,分别是抄写数字(SG)、加法(RA)、减法(RS)、乘法(RM)、除法(RD)、填空(EG)、大小比较(GK)、续写数字(ZF)、目测长度(LS)、方块记数(WU)、图形记数(MZ)、数字连接(ZV)。数学能力总量表(MTGes)由除SG外的其它11个分测试组成。统计计算采用SAS 8.1软件,统计方法采用t检验、方差分析、主成分分析。结果:武汉市小学生数学能力存在性别及年级差异,男、女生逻辑思维与空间视觉能力得分分别为50.983±5.825、49.855±5.7451,男、女生总量表得分分别为59.473±6.9811、57.922±6.7002,男生的逻辑思维与空间视觉能力及总量表得分较高,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。三、四年级小学生数学运算能力较其它年级小学生高,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。主成分分析的结果显示,武汉市小学生数学能力得分的主要影响因素是除法(RD)、减法(RS)、图形记数(MZ)、目测长度(LS)。与六省城市小学生相比,武汉市小学生数学运算能力得分最高,为62.278±6.998,逻辑思维与空间视觉能力得分位列第三,为50.463±5.811,总量表得分最高,为58.758±6.891,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:评价的目的是使教育教学更好地制定措施。本研究表明,应加强培养武汉市小学生的逻辑思维与空间视觉能力,尤其应注重图形记数、目测长度方面的训练,缩小男女生数学能力的差距,缩小与其它城市在逻辑思维与空间视觉能力上的差距,并继续重视数学运算能力的培养,尤其是除法的训练。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives: This study was designed to find out and analyse the differences of mathematical abilities of elementary school students between Wuhan and other domestic cities, and try to seek after the main influencing factors in pupils’mathematical ablility developments, so as to offer scientific references for further research and prevention on enhancing Wuhan mathematical elementary education.Methods: Adopting the multi-phase-stratified-cluster sampling method, 4285 elementary school students were selected randomly from Wuhan and other 6 provincial cities. The students were investigated by utilizing the Chinese Rating Scale of Pupil’s Mathematic Abilities and its Norms whose reliability and validity had been verified. Software SAS 8.1 was used to compute the statistical results. The statistical methods used include t test, variance analysis, principal componets analysis etc.Results: The differences in mathematical abilities of Wuhan primary students are statistically significant (P<0.05) which are not only between boys and girls but also between different grades. Mean scores of logical thinking and spatial-visual functions of Wuhan boys and girls are 50.983±5.825 and 49.855±5.7451 respectively, and mean scores of totoal scores of Wuhan boys and girls are 59.473±6.9811 and 57.922±6.7002 respectively. The results show that the mathematical abilities of the Wuhan boys are more excellent than those of the girls in the fields of logical thinking and spatial-visual functions and total scores. Moreover students in grade 3 and 4 of Wuhan elementary schools are more excellent than those in other grades. Division, subtraction, figures counting and length estimation by eyes are the main influencing factors in mathematical ablilities of Wuhan primary students. In addition, comparing with other 6 provincial cities, Wuhan elementary school students rank the first in the fields of mathematical calculation and total scores whose mean scores are 62.278±6.998 and 58.758±6.891 respectively, whereas the third in the field of logical thinking and spatial-visual functions whose mean score is 50.463±5.811. All the above differences are statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusions: Relevent and effective measures should be taken to strengthen the traingings in logical thinking and spatical-visual functions of Wuhan primary students. Great attentions should be paid to the trainings of abilities in figures counting and length estimation by eyes. It is wished that the mathematical ability gaps could be reduced not only between Wuhan boys and girls but also between primary students in Wuhan and other cities through those efforts.更多还原