【作者】 张勇；

【导师】 吴建平；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 作者于2005～2007年在大兴安岭呼中国家级自然保护区和呼中林业局西沟林场收集原麝粪便和参照植物样本,利用粪便显微分析法分析原麝食物组成。结果显示,原麝食物主要包括兴安落叶松31.59%、兴安杜鹃26.8%、石蕊9.14%、山杨4.97%、越桔3.95%、苔藓3.75%、地卷1.93%、兴安刺玫1.64%、苔草1.29%、羊胡子苔草1.05%、松萝1.03%等51种(类)。其中仅兴安落叶松、兴安杜鹃、石蕊就组成原麝食物的68%,是原麝全年的主要食物。通过计算夏季原麝对不同食物的选择性指数(Ivlev指数)E值,结果显示原麝夏季对阿尔泰狗娃花、兴安杜鹃枝、兴安刺玫、东方草莓、珍珠梅、地卷属、石蕊、苔草、万年蒿、柳叶沙参、兴安落叶松叶、粗根老鹳草、萎陵菜和小玉竹有正选择,对紫花鸢尾、野碗豆、乌拉草、绣线菊、白桦枝、越桔、蓬子菜、苔藓、芨芨草、灰绿藜、春榆枝、唐松草、防风、蕨菜有负选择。对比研究原麝冬季与夏季食物组成发现,原麝夏季采食植物种类多于冬季;冬季原麝食物组成木本植物更多,而夏季食物组成中草本植物、苔藓、地衣和蕨类植物种(类)明显增加;原麝食物组成多样性指数和生态位宽度指数分析表明虽然原麝冬季食物种类少,但是取食量比较均衡,夏季食物组成种类多,但主要由少数几种食物组成,其它植物在食物组成中所占比例非常小,各种食物组成种类贡献量不均衡;冬季原麝食物生态位宽度较夏季窄,是原麝一年中的营养瓶颈,确保原麝顺利过冬对原麝现有野生种群保护至关重要。通过测定原麝主要食物和栖息生境主要分布植物营养含量,利用SPSS统计相关分析结果显示,原麝不同季节食物组成百分比与植物营养无显著相关性,但原麝主要采食植物的粗蛋白质和净热值含量都高于平均值,纤维含量却低于平均值,特别石蕊的纤维含量远远低于原麝分布区域能采食到的植物纤维含量平均值。大兴安岭和小兴安岭地处不同纬度,气候和植被分布差异明显,原麝食物组成的植物种类差别明显,两地区原麝主要食物组成中相同植物种类仅兴安杜鹃和羊胡子苔草。大兴安岭地区的原麝食物种类要比小兴安岭地区的食物种类少;但两地原麝在冬季均更多地取食木本植物,夏季转而取食苔草等草本植物;小兴安岭原麝食物组成中蕨类占更多比例。更多还原

【Abstract】 We collect Siberian Musk Deer feces and consultative plant in Huzhong Nature Reserve and western valley forest farm in Huzhong forestry bureau between 2005～2007,then analysis the food composition of the Siberian Musk Deer by microhistological analysis of feces.The results showed that the Siberian Musk Deer mainly browsed on Larix gmelini 31.59%、Rhododendron dahuricum 26.8%、Cladonia spp.9.14%、Populus davidiana 4.97%、Vaccinium vitis-idaea 3.95%、Bryophyta 3.75%、Peltigera spp.1.93%、Rosa davurica 1.64 %、Carex tristachya 1.29%、Carex callitrichos 1.05%、Usnea spp.1.03%and so on、it sum to 51 species。Larix gmelini、Rhododendron dahuricum、Cladonia spp.compose the 68%of the whole diet,and are the main food of Siberian Musk Deer.According to the Ivlev index(E),the Siberian Musk Deer select Heteropappus altaicus, Rhododendron dahuricum,Rosa davurica,Fragaria orientalis,Sorbaria sorbifolia,Peltigera spp.,Cladonia spp.,Carex tristachya,Artemisia sacrorum,Adenophora stenophylla,Geranium dahuricum,Potentilla chinensis and Polygatum odoratum,but avoid select Iris ensata,Vicia chinensis,Carex meyeriana,Spiraea spp.,Betula platyphylla,Vaccinium vitis-idaea,Galium verum,Bryophyta,Achnatherum splendens,Chenopodium glaucum,Ulmus japonica, Thalictrum aquilegifolium,Saposhnikovia divaricata and Pteridum aquilinum.Contrast the Siberian Musk deer diet in winter and summer,the result showed that the Siberian Musk Deer breed on more food species in summer than in winter;the Siberian Musk Deer browse more woody plants in winter than summer;on the contrary,browse more herbaceous plants,moss,lichen and fern in summer than winter.Analysis the diversity index and niche index of the Siberian Musk Deer diet,the result showed that the Siberian Musk Deer averagely breed few plant species in winter and breed more plant species in summer,but only several plant species are absolutely preponderant,the others have very small percent.The niche index indicate the winter is the nutritional bottleneck,make sure the Siberian Musk Deer breed the winter is very important to conservation.The results of correlation analysis of plants’ nutrition and diet composition percent showed that the correlation between diet composition and food plants nutrition was not significant.But the PC and heat quantity of the Siberian Musk Deer’s main food plant is higher that mean of the plants that the Siberian Musk Deer can browse,but the ADF is lower, especially Cladonia spp.which is the main food.Because of the different latitude,climate and vegetation between Large Xing’an Mountains and Small Xing’an Mountains,the diet items of Siberian Musk Deer is also different.Only same items include Rhododendron dahuricum and Carex callitrichos.The food species in Large Xing’an Mountains is more that Small Xing’an Mountains.But both browse more woody plant in Winter,on the contrary,browse more herbaceous plants in Summer.The Siberian Musk Deer browse more Pteridophyta in Small Xing’an Mountains than Large Xing’an Mountains.更多还原