【作者】 邓锐；

【导师】 周卫东；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着船舶数量的不断增加以及船舶向大型化和高速化方向的不断发展,航海事故频繁发生,这给航行安全和海洋环境造成了巨大的威胁。虽然雷达、自动雷达标绘仪具有识别船舶的功能,但是由于其固有的缺陷并不能提供自动避碰所需的准确信息而无法适应现代航运的需求。近年来船舶自动避碰系统的应用,给获取船舶会遇信息的方式带来了彻底的转变,会遇船舶之间实现了真正意义的准确信息共享。AIS系统将给海上船舶监控带来革命性的进步。本文以AIS提供的报文数据作为信息来源,利用嵌入式计算机技术研究基于AIS信息的船舶避碰监控系统。文章首先介绍了AIS通信协议IEC61162中规定的语句格式与通信字符,深入地剖析了解码AIS信息的方法;其次研究了船舶碰撞的过程,定量划分了船舶会遇态势和避碰行动局面,并对如何确定船舶避碰行动方式以及避碰行动幅度进行了探讨;然后运用模糊数学理论,综合各方面影响因素建立了一种将碰撞危险度分为空间碰撞危险度和时间碰撞危险度的船舶碰撞危险度评价数学模型。最后在所建立的数学模型的基础上,设计并实现了一个基于AIS信息的嵌入式船舶避碰监控系统。本系统由监控和AIS信息管理两部分组成;采用低功耗、低成本、高性能、小体积的ARM处理器S3C44BOX,以嵌入式实时系统VxWorks为操作系统。实现了“互见”范围内船舶的显示、会遇船舶信息的查询、避碰行动方案的查询、船舶监控与报警等功能。该系统具有操作简便、响应实时、扩展性强的优点,另外该系统还弥补了传统AIS系统显示信息不直观、信息利用率低等缺点,在船舶处于碰撞危险阶段时提供合适的避碰行动方案,在航海领域中有着积极的应用意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the number of ship increased greatly and the size of ship have been developing towards large capacity and high speed, the wrecks happen frequently, which threaten sailing security and ocean environment tremendously. Although Radar and ARPA have the ability of identify ships in the marine. The inherent disadvantages of the two equipments which lead to they can’t provide automatic collision avoidance information, they can’t satisfy the demand of modern shipping. The application of AIS system in recent years has brought about a thorough change to the approaches of getting information about meeting ships, resulting in the share of precise information among meeting ships. In a word, AIS brings about a revolutionary progress to ship monitor in the sea.The paper uses the data which provides by AIS as the information origination, a ship collision avoidance monitoring system based on AIS information is researched with embedded computer technology. First, the paper introduces the AIS sentence format and communication charaters which are defined by IEC61162. According to the protocol, the method how to decode AIS information is introduced. Second, the major knowledge of the ship collision process is analysed. It quantificationally plots out the ship encounter situation and collision avoidance actions for such situation, and discusses the range that the action should be taken.Then, a model which based on fuzzy mathematics theory and all kinds of influencing factor is established, with this model which divided the risk of collision into the risk factor of space collision and the risk factor of time collision. Finally, the embedded ship collision avoidance monitoring system based on AIS information is designed depended on the mathematic model.The system consists of monitoring system and information management of AIS; the paper chooses S3C44B0X chip, which has the features of low consumed power, low cost, high performance and small size based on ARM architecture; uses VxWorks as the operation system. The system affords of many functions such as displaying the ships in the domain of collision, inquiring about the information and the collision avoidance scheme of meeting ship, watching ships and waring report automatically. The major advantage of this system is convenient, real-time response, stronge expansion, and so on. The system also makes up the shortcomings of traditionary AIS syetem that the dark displaying information and low utilization ratio. It provides a suitable programme of action for ship collision avoidance. This system brings great advantage in field of navigation.更多还原