【作者】 贺清；

【导师】 赵继敏；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 电机与电器， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 常规游梁式抽油机是机械采油应用最广泛的抽油设备,在机械采油中占有举足轻重的地位;但其运行效率低、耗能大,是油田电耗的第二位,仅次于注水,已成为各油田耗电的主要设备之一。此外,我国油田的主要油区已处于高含水阶段,原油开采效果变差,石油开采的成本过高。因此,长期以来石油行业的专家、技术人员一直致力于如何在不降低产量的前提下减少抽油机电耗,研制出了许多新型抽油机和节能电机,但实际效果不是很理想。从系统角度考虑出发,采用机电控制技术来改变抽油机驱动电机的机械特性,以避免“大马拉小车”现象的发生,使整个机、杆、泵的系统得以较好的平衡,消除发电问题,降低能耗,提高系统效率,因而,本课题的开展有助于油田实现增产节能,对石油行业具有重要的经济意义。本论文以常规游梁式抽油机为被控对象,对变频调速的基本原理和抽油机的工作原理及负载特性进行了详细的阐述和分析。针对游梁式抽油机拖动系统实际运行中存在的一系列问题,结合电气传动和智能控制技术等知识,研制开发一种基于MCU芯片XC164CS的抽油机变频节能控制系统。本系统能较好地抑制游梁式抽油机的发电状态,使抽油机的机械特性变软,可以与工作载荷特性相匹配。通过对抽油机控制系统的调试和实验,实现了对抽油机的控制功能,其实验结果表明:本控制方案切实可行且控制性能良好,可达到节能增效的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the most widely used equipment, the conventional beam pumping unit plays a significant role in the oil field. But it costs much electric energy with low efficiency, and has become one of the main energy-costing equipments. Besides, the oil wells in China are low-reserves and the cost of exploiting oil is getting higher. For a long time, the experts in the oil industry have been dedicated to developing the new efficient pumping units and electric machines in order to save energy and improve the efficiency. But the effects are not so good. In our research project, control technology is used to change the characteristics of the electric machine in the beam pumping unit. The phenomenon of“big horse drags small cart”can be avoided. The problem of the electric machine running in the generating state can be solved. So our research is helpful for improving the outputs and saving energy and has great significance for economy benefits.With the conventional beam pumping unit as the control object, the thesis first introduces in detail the basic principles of variable frequency and the load characteristics of the pumping unit. Then based on the practical problems of the whole oil-pumping process, the energy-saving controller is designed and implemented with the knowledge of electric drive and intelligent control. The controller is used to soften the mechanical characteristics of the electric machine which can match the load characteristics very well. Finally both in the lab and oil field, many experimental results prove that the control algorithm is practical and the energy-saving controller can meet our requirements with good performance.更多还原