【作者】 王晓辉；

【导师】 王海涛；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 生命科学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过悬挂人工巢箱对吉林省左家自然保护区的红隼(Falco tinnunculus)进行招引,对其在繁殖期内的主要鸣声(正常叫声、警戒叫声、焦急叫声、交配叫声和递食叫声)进行录音,利用声音分析软件对声音进行分析和比较(时期比较和性别比较),并结合其具体的繁殖行为,探讨红隼繁殖期内鸣声的生物学意义和传递的信息。通过对红隼繁殖期几种主要鸣声的作用进行观察,初步确定了红隼的鸣声与其行为是协调一致的,每种鸣声均有其特殊生物学意义。红隼鸣声的三种声学图谱显示:其各种主要鸣声声谱图均为多谐谱,而基本音BS(Basic Sound)不显著;各种鸣声的频率范围存在一定的差异,但频率主要集中于1000Hz-9000Hz范围内;多数鸣声的功率谱主能峰明显,音段样本的MPF值基本保持在3000-6000Hz之间,多数在4000Hz左右;同种鸣声各项声学参数(如音节间停歇时间Is、音段持续时间Lss、音段间停歇时间Iss、频率范围、MPF)的变化幅度均较大。红隼正常叫声声谱图特点是,频带基本平直,音调中等偏上,音节尾音频率一般较高;其警戒叫声较急促,频带呈倒“V”状,音调较高;焦急鸣声较平缓,音调适中,频带基本平直,但碎裂不连续;交配叫声发音类似于焦急叫声,但比焦急叫声急促,音调也要略高于后者;红隼的递食叫声是每次雌雄成鸟间递送食物时两者发出的“er,er,er……”音与“zi,zi,zi……”音相间的一系列鸣声,依次可划分为四种叫声:回巢提示声、食物提示声、交接食物前声和交接食物声,各叫声的频率范围和MPF值均不相同。通过对红隼孵化期和育雏期鸣声的比较发现:相对孵化期,育雏期警戒叫声能量分配涉及的频率更高,即能量付出更多,而相对育雏期,孵化期焦急叫声能量分配涉及的频率更高,这表明红隼各繁殖期鸣声能量付出的侧重点是不同的,其不同繁殖阶段与鸣声能量分配存在一定的对应关系。虽然红隼雌、雄成鸟叫声在听觉上很类似,但其同种叫声各别声学参数仍然存在一定的差异性:相对雌鸟,雄鸟焦急叫声谐音性更丰富(陪音UP值较大)、鸣声频率分布较高(最低频率Lf较大)、主要能量也分配在较高频率上(MPF值较大),表明红隼雄鸟鸣声(焦急叫声)相对雌鸟的鸣声付出能量更多、质量也更高。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper discusses the biological significations of main breeding calls of Common Kestrels(Falco tinnunculus) that occupied man-made nest boxes in Zuojia Reserve in Jilin province through acoustic analysis and behavior observation.Results show that all calls accord with birds’ breeding behaviors and contain certain meanings.Spectrograms indicate all vocalizations have harmonic tones with inapparent basic sound(BS),and the frequency range of each kind of call is different form others,but hot range for all calls is from 1000Hz to 9000Hz.Power spectrums display that most sounds present distinct main power peak,and the main peak frequency(MPF) of various samples of sound sections(SS) mainly ranges between 3000Hz and 6000Hz,with about 4000Hz continually seen in spectrums.Moreover,the standard deviation(SD) of most acoustic parameters for each kind of call is large.The characters of spectrograms of normal calls include:the frequency bands(FB) are basically flat,and the pitch of calls is medium and more,higher for the end of each syllable. Hurried alert calls of which the shape of FB seems "∧" present higher pitch than other calls.The FB of slow worrying calls is flat and broken on the whole.Mating calls sound like worrying calls acoustically,but the former are more hurried and shriller than the latter. Food-delivering calls between two sexes,which can be in turn sorted four kind of calls named return-reminding calls,food-reminding calls,pre-delivering calls and delivering calls respectively,are a series of two kind of vocalizations.The result of vocalization compare between two breeding phases suggests the highest frequency(Hf) of alert calls is larger,which means more energy is paid out,than that of worrying calls in nestling-fostering phase.Contrarily,the Hf of worrying calls is higher than that of alert calls in hatching phase.It is thus concluded that the amount of energy paid out in singing is corresponding to breeding phase for Common Kestrels.Although vocalizations of males are similar to females acoustically,some acoustic parameters of same kind of call differ markedly between two sexes.Spectrograms of worrying calls of males show more upper partials(UP),higher lowest frequency(Lf),and power spectrums present larger MPF,than that of female,which demonstrates that males are better at singing than females in certain call for Common Kestrels.更多还原