【作者】 王慧；

【导师】 盖笑松；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 自我调节能力是儿童发展过程中的重要方面,自我调节能力的发展是儿童心理发展日渐成熟的标志,良好自我调节能力的形成对儿童的心理发展有促进作用。近年来,对于儿童自我调节能力的研究逐渐增多。本研究总结了不同研究者的观点,认为自我调节是个体为了实现某一目标,依据特定的社会背景和环境的要求,主动调节自己心理与行为反应的过程。儿童自我调节的心理机制包括努力控制、执行功能和行为调节,这三种心理机制之间存在着交叉和重叠。近年来,研究者发展了很多关于儿童自我调节能力的研究方法,通过对国内外自我调节能力常用的研究方法进行分析,本研究划分了四类自我调节相关的心理过程,分别是认知过程调节、情绪情感过程调节、行为调节和需要调节。很多研究关注儿童期自我调节能力的发展对儿童以后心理发展的影响。儿童期自我调节能力的发展影响儿童的行为问题、社会能力和学业能力。因此,儿童自我调节能力的重要性不容忽视。珠心算是数学教学的一种方法,自兴起以来在我国得到了广泛的推广。珠心算借助内化的“心理算盘”在头脑中进行快速准确的计算。珠心算训练有助于提高儿童的注意力、记忆力,促进思维和智力发展。儿童期是珠心算训练的关键期,也是自我调节能力发展的重要时期,珠心算过程和儿童自我调节具有相近的心理机制。因此,本研究考察了珠心算训练对儿童自我调节能力的影响。本研究包括两个研究。研究一是3-6岁儿童自我调节能力测验的编制。通过参考前人的研究和预测结果,选取6个测验任务(绿草白雪任务、倒背数字任务、白天黑夜任务、视觉图形记忆任务、蝴蝶青蛙任务和今天明天任务)对148名3-6岁儿童进行个别施测,结果发现:(1)3-6岁儿童自我调节能力测验具有较为理想的难度和区分度。该测验的难度为0.58,测验的总区分度为0.32。(2)3-6岁儿童自我调节能力测验的信度指标良好。该测验的内部一致性信度为0.92,重测稳定性信度为0.64,达到0.01水平显著。(3)3-6岁儿童自我调节能力测验的总分呈正态分布。(4)3-6岁儿童自我调节能力年龄差异显著。随着年龄的增长,自我调节能力提高。研究二是珠心算训练对4-5岁儿童自我调节能力的影响。选取70名被试,4岁组39人,5岁组31人,分为非珠心算组和珠心算组,珠心算组按珠心算学习时数分组。对70名被试进行自我调节能力测验,考察珠心算训练对4-5岁儿童自我调节能力的影响。结果发现:(1)4岁组被试珠心算学习时数(非珠心算组,学习珠心算18小时组,学习珠心算69小时组)对自我调节能力的影响不显著。但是,该年龄组被试珠心算学习时数对绿草白雪任务得分的影响接近显著,没学过珠心算和学习69小时珠心算的被试绿草白雪任务得分的差异显著,其他任务的差异均不显著。(2)5岁组被试珠心算学习时数(非珠心算组,学习珠心算18或69小时组,学习珠心算396小时组)对自我调节能力的影响接近显著,学习珠心算18或69小时的被试和学习珠心算396小时的被试自我调节能力测验的得分差异显著。倒背数字任务中,被试珠心算学习时数对倒背数字任务得分的影响显著,学习珠心算18或69小时的被试和学习珠心算396小时的被试该任务的得分有差异显著,其他任务的差异均不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Self-regulation is one of the most important domains in child development. The development of self-regulation is the sign of psychological development maturity. The formation of good self-regulation plays a promotion role in children psychological development. In recent years, there are more and more researches on children self-regulation ability. In this study, self-regulation is that individual regulates their own mental and behavioral processes initiatively based on specific social background and environment request in order to achieve a goal. Children’s self-regulation involves some related psychological mechanism. There are effortful control, executive function and behavioral regulation and there is intersection among these processes.Recently, there are lots of research methods about children self-regulation ability. This study divide self-regulation into four related psychological process, through analyzing the research methods of children self-regulation ability at home and abroad. There are the regulation of cognitive process, emotional process, behavioral process and need process.Many researches pay attention to the effects of the development of self-regulation in childhood on children psychological development later. The development of self-regulation in childhood plays an important role in children behavioral problems, social competence and academic ability. Therefore, the importance of children self-regulation can not be ignored.Abacus mental calculation, has been promoted widely since the rise, is a method of mathematics teaching. Abacus mental calculation could use“psychological abacus”in their minds to carry out calculation rapidly and accurately. The training for abacus mental calculation can promote children attention, memory, thinking and intelligence. Childhood is the key period of the training for abacus mental calculation, and is the vital period of the development of children self-regulation. There is similar psychological mechanism between abacus mental calculation and self-regulation. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of training for abacus mental calculation on children’s self-regulation ability.There two researches in this study. Research One is the preparation of children self-regulation ability test from 3 to 6. This research selects six test tasks (Grass-Snow Task, Digit Backward Task, White-Black Task, Visual Pictures Memory, Butterfly-Frog, Today-Tomorrow Task) through reference to previous research and results. The subjects are 148 3-6 year-olds children. The results show that:(1) The difficulty and discrimination of 3-6 year-olds children self-regulation ability test are acceptable. The difficulty of the test is 0.58, and the discrimination is 0.32.(2)The reliability of 3-6 year-olds children self-regulation ability test is also acceptable. The consistency reliability of the test is 0.92, and the test-retest reliability is 0.64 which is significant at the 0.01 level.(3)The scores distribution of 3-6 year-olds children self-regulation ability test is normal.(4)Age difference is significant in 3-6 year-olds children self-regulation ability. Children self-regulation ability enhances increasingly with age.Research Two is the effects of training for abacus mental calculation on 4-5 year-olds children’s self-regulation ability. The subjects are 70 4-5 year-olds children. The subjects are divided into abacus group and non-abacus group, abacus group are divided by abacus hours. All the subjects participate in children self-regulation ability test. The results show that:(1)The subjects of 4 year-olds abacus hours (non-abacus group, learning abacus mental calculation 18 hours group, learning abacus mental calculation 69 hours group ) are not significant in children self-regulation ability. However, the subjects of 4 year-olds abacus hours are close to significant in Grass-Snow Task.. Non abacus group and learning abacus mental calculation 69 hours group are significant on the scores of Grass-Snow Task. Other scores of the tasks are not significant.(2) The subjects of 5 year-olds abacus hours (non-abacus group, learning abacus mental calculation 18 or 69 hours group, learning abacus mental calculation 396 hours group ) are close to significant in children self-regulation ability. Learning abacus mental calculation 18 or 69 hours group and learning abacus mental calculation 396 hours group are close to significant on the scores of children self-regulation test. Simultaneously, abacus hours are significant in Digit Backward Task. Learning abacus mental calculation 18 or 69 hours group and learning abacus mental calculation 396 hours group are significant on the scores of Digit Backward Task. Other scores of the tasks are not significant.更多还原