【作者】 刘正兴；

【导师】 石书兵； 王朴；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以新疆白皮大蒜为试材,设6个施肥处理,研究了氮素对高寒地区大蒜鳞茎形成规律及产量和品质的影响。结果表明:1、氮肥对大蒜的生长发育十分重要,尤其是对大蒜苗期的促进作用十分明显,本试验通过对大蒜的农艺性状和生理性状进行分析得出,高水平氮素对前期大蒜的株高、茎粗、叶面积等农艺性状具有促进作用,但到生育后期高水平的氮素反而会降低农艺性状水平,表现出高氮素处理的大蒜有早衰迹象。2、低水平的氮素会延缓硝酸还原酶（NR）活性峰值的出现,不利于大蒜前期旺、壮苗的培育,对产量形成制约;进入膨大期以后（105d）到生育期结束为止,高水平的氮素使NR活性下降的较快,这对大蒜生育后期氮素同化很不利,对产量形成负面效应。3、高水平的氮素有利于大蒜地上部分的快速生长,适度的氮肥水平更有利于地下鳞茎的发育,前期高水平氮素处理的大蒜,表现出明显的干物质日积累较多,而在鳞茎膨大期高氮素处理的大蒜,干物质日积累量反而表现出下降的趋势,本试验以N₄处理780kg/hm²更有利于大蒜产量的形成。4、适量的氮肥有利于氨基酸的积累,提高大蒜全氮的含量,过高的氮肥反而不利于氨基酸的积累且降低大蒜全氮的含量,本实验以N₄处理780kg/hm²对氨基酸的积累最为有利,同时追加的氮肥越多、蒜头含水量越大,高氮素可提高蒜头的自由水含量。5、大蒜氮素吸收利用量与氮素输入量成正比,氮素利用率与之成反比,其中N₅利用率最低仅为44.31%。土壤残留量和残留率随氮素的输入量的增加而增加,同时随着氮素输入量的增加,土壤氮素表观损失量也随之增加,占氮素总输入量的28.74%—42.46%,说明有1/3左右的氮素以淋失或挥发的方式损失了,造成经济损失和环境污染。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was conducted in studying the effect of nitrogen application on the yield and quality, garlic bulbs in alpine region white garlic with six fertilizer treatments and five nitrogen level in Xinjiang. The results showed that:1.Nitrogen fertilizer was very important on the growth and development of garlic,especially for the promotion of the role of garlic seedling stage,the experiment was done to study the garlic agronomic and physiological traits,the high level of nitrogen increased plant height,stem rough,leaf area on the early phase,but the high level of nitrogen decreased these Characteristics,the results showed that high nitrogen had to early ageing of garlic.2.The peak of nitrate reductase（NR） active Low was delayed by level of nitrogen,and weak seedlings were produced,yield was reduced;The high the level of nitrogen declined in NR activity and the nitrogen assimilation and the yield from the expansion period of（105d） to the end of growth period.3.The high level of nitrogen application increased rapidly the growth of the below part of in garlic, the moderate levels of nitrogen fertilizer was more conducive to the development of the underground bulb; The high level of nitrogen increased accumulation of dry matter with garlic on the early phase;but the high level of nitrogen increased accumulation of dry matter with garlic in the expansion period;the yield was high with N4 treatment of nitrogen rate 780kg/hm² in the study.4.The moderate levels of nitrogen increased the accumulation of amino acids and improved the nitrogen content of garlic,but too much nitrogen fertilizer was not.The accumulation of amino acids was improved with N4 treatment of nitrogen rate 780kg/hm²,and the more nitrogen fertilizer,the more garlic water content was,high-nitrogen increased the free water content of garlic.5.Nitrogen uptake was positively correlated with nitrogen fertilizer rate of garlic,and was negatively correlated with the utilization of nitrogen,nitrogen utilization of N₅ treatment was minimum,44.31%. Residues in soil and residue with the nitrogen input were increased with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer rate,the apparent loss of nitrogen also increased,the total nitrogen fertilizer rate was decreased 28.74%to 42.46%;So the total of nitrogen fertilizer rate was loss of leaching or volatile,resulting in economic losses and environmental pollution.更多还原