【作者】 李华；

【导师】 王淼；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 2006年我国政府提出了增强自主创新能力、建设创新型国家的战略任务,制定了《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要2006—2020》,并初步进行了创新性企业的改革试点工作。可见,创新对一个国家来说,具有重要的战略性意义。而创新型国家的战略最终要靠企业来实现,同时,对于处在激烈竞争中的企业来说,创新是一个企业不断发展壮大的动力,也是企业获取竞争优势、增强核心竞争力、在市场中争得一席之地的必然选择。每个企业的发展壮大都将最终走上自主创新之路。但是,路径依赖却成为企业自主创新过程中面临的最大也是最难以克服的阻力。路径依赖使得惯性的力量把人们带入定势的死角,人们一旦选择了某个制度,就好比走上了一条不归之路,把这个制度不断自我强化,让自己轻易走不出去。企业自主创新战略是领先市场、获取竞争优势的关键,但由于自身的特点、制度因素等原因,很容易陷入路径依赖负面效应下的“窠臼”。因而如何克服企业技术创新中的路径依赖的负面效应成为企业自主创新策略成功与否的关键。基于此,本文希望通过研究路径依赖、路径突破、技术创新的相关理论,找到解决我国企业技术创新过程中存在的问题的突破口;然后基于影响我国企业自主创新的路径依赖因素,提出我国企业实现路径突破的对策,并对我国企业自主创新战略的实施提出建议。本文以路径依赖理论为理论基础,综合运用技术经济学、企业管理学、经济学等有关理论,主要采用理论研究与案例研究相结合的方法,对我国企业技术创新存在的主要问题和影响企业自主创新的路径依赖因素问题进行深入研究,提出企业实现路径突破的应对策略,然后对其进行了案例研究。路径依赖没有好坏之分,在不同的情况下可以表现为积极或消极的路径依赖。所以,要慎重选择技术路径的初始状态,若企业自主创新在负强化机制的作用下,很有可能被锁定在低效率或无效率的状态。因此,为推动企业自主创新的可持续发展,应该将创新路径选择的着力点放在如何规避和摆脱锁定状态上,要选择积极的、可持续发展的技术路径。技术路径的产生是一个协同演化的过程,不仅受到偶然性因素、技术自身特性、组织和社会制度因素的影响,而且与企业的自主创新策略密不可分。合力而有效的自主创新策略行为能够降低技术发展的不确定性,推动技术沿着企业确定的方向发展,大大提高企业特有设计演化为产业主导设计的可能性。通过研究,希望企业意识到:自主创新不是指已有的技术水平,而是技术发展的路径,要走自主创新的发展路径,首先就要形成一种自主创新的意识,敢于创新,解放思想,用适应新环境的观念、思维方式替代过时的观念、思维方式,实现观念、思维方式的创新,推动其他制度创新,为企业营造良好的创新环境;其次,作为自主创新主体的企业,必须将组织纳入知识创新认知新模式,自觉地进行科学发现、知识创造、技术发明、新知识首次应用以及模仿等各种知识的创新。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our government put forward strategic mission to enhance capability of independent innovation, build an innovation-oriented country and formulate "National Medium and long-term Science And Technological development Plan Summary 2006-2020" in 2006. Then she carried on the innovative enterprise’s reform work initially. Obviously, innovation has the vital strategic significance for a country. However, to achieve the mission of innovation-oriented country must depend on the enterprise. And for the enterprise in fierce competition, innovation is the power of growth. Innovation is their inevitable choice.Each enterprise will step onto the road of independent innovation. But path dependence becomes the greatest and most difficult resistance in the process of enterprises’independent innovation. Path dependence makes power of inertia to lead people into the set of dead angle. Once people chose some system, they will strengthen this system. And they cannot go out walk casually. Enterprises’independent innovation strategy is the key to lead the market and obtain a competitive advantage. However, because of their own reasons, institutional factors and other reasons, they fall into the“pattern”of path dependence’negative effect.Therefore, this article wants to research on correlated theories, such as path dependence, path breakthrough, to find the breakthrough of solving problems in the process of technological innovation of Chinese enterprises. Then based on the path dependence’factors of affecting Chinese enterprise’independent innovation, it proposed the countermeasure for Chinese enterprise to realize path breakthrough. It also puts forward the proposal to enterprises’independent innovation strategy’s implementation.This article depends on the theory of path dependence. It makes uses of technical economics, business management, economics and other relevant theory, and adopts way of combining theoretical research with case study. It research on problems existing in the process of Chinese enterprises’independent innovation and path dependence’factors of affecting Chinese enterprise’independent innovation. Then it puts forward the proposal to enterprises’independent innovation strategy’s implementation.Path dependence does not have division in the quality. It may show positive or negative path dependence in different situation. Therefore, enterprises should select the initial state of technical path carefully. If enterprises’independent innovation is under negative reinforcement mechanism function, they will be likely to be locked in a low efficiency or inefficiency of the status.The creation of technical path is a process of coordination. It was affected not only by fortuitous factor, technical characteristic, the organization and the social system, but also by strategy of enterprises’independent innovation. Effective behavior of independent innovation can reduce uncertainty of technology development and promote development of technology along with direction set by enterprises.This article hopes enterprises realize that independent innovation is not the existing technical level. It is path of technology development. If enterprises want to go along with the path of independent innovation, firstly, they should formulate awareness of independent innovation. Secondly, they should bring organization into new pattern of knowledge innovation cognition and carry out scientific discovery, technological invention, knowledge creation; new knowledge first application and imitating conscientiously.更多还原