Kernel-based Virtual Machine研究与其事件跟踪机制实现

【作者】 刘锋；

【导师】 雷航；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 计算机应用， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 计算机硬件技术和体系结构的快速发展使得计算机系统计算能力日趋强大,一台计算机只运行一个操作系统及上面一类软件的传统计算模式已显得滞后。虚拟化技术可以充分利用计算机硬件资源并对软件提供广泛的支持,从而为强大的硬件系统和多变的应用需求之间找到新的平衡点,国内外对虚拟化技术已经有了较为深入的研究和很广泛的应用。硬件辅助虚拟化技术弥补了软件虚拟机技术性能上的缺陷,使得虚拟机具有接近于物理机器的性能表现,并促生了Kernel-based virtual machine(KVM)等新的虚拟机技术解决方案。虚拟机技术是当前工业界和学术界研究的热点,也是计算机科学领域发展最快的技术之一。论文总结了当前虚拟机系统的发展现状,分析了硬件辅助虚拟化技术对虚拟化的支持,深入研究了虚拟机系统的基本原理和关键技术,并结合阅读源代码和参与开发,重点对KVM虚拟机的架构和若干核心技术进行了深入探讨并实现了一种新的KVM事件跟踪机制。主要内容为:1.首先根据抽象程度的不同,将现有虚拟化技术分成不同的层次,介绍了各个层次上的虚拟化技术特点,然后概括了硬件抽象层虚拟机监视器的实现模型并介绍X86平台下虚拟化的两种实现方案-全虚拟化和泛虚拟化,并重点讨论了与软件虚拟化相补充的硬件辅助虚拟化技术在CPU、内存和I/O三个方面的实现机制,同时对两种流行的虚拟机解决方案VMware和Xen进行了介绍。2.论文深入研究了KVM架构与实现原理、KVM与用户应用程序交互的原理与系统接口、虚拟机的初始化与创建、虚拟MMU机制、虚拟I/O机制并用业内通用的测试方法对比了KVM与其他虚拟化系统各方面的性能,并对测试结果进行了分析。3.论文针对KVM原有系统跟踪的缺陷,在对Linux内核级别调试跟踪方法与常用工具深入了解的基础上,设计并开发了一种新的KVM事件跟踪机制,并将所有代码提交给KVM开源社区使用,从而为KVM的调试和性能调节提供一个重要工具。论文最后对KVM的发展方向和进一步研究工作做了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rapid development of computer hardware and architecture makes the computing capacity of computer systems more powerful and lets the classic computing paradigm that one computer only run one Operating system and related software aboved it laggard. Since virtualization can make good use of hardware resource and give enough support to lot kinds of software, it makes a good tradeoff between quickly developing hardware and various complicated applications. The virtualization technology has been widely applied and researched. The hardware-assisted virtualization technology remedies the performance defect of software-based virtualization, brings a closely same performance for virtual machine to native physical machines and promotes some new virtualization solutions such as Kernel-based-virtual machine (KVM). Virtual machine is a hot topic in industrial and academic research, and one of the fastest growing technologies.This thesis summaries current research status of virtual machines, analyzes the supports of hardware-assisted technology for virtualization, investigates the theory and key technologies of virtual machine. Correlating with the source code reading and developing, the thesis discusses the architecture and some key implementations of KVM in detail, and implements a new event traces mechanism of KVM. The details are as follows:1. It divides the existing virtualization technology into different sorts according to the level of abstractions and introduced the properties of virtualization in each level. And it summaries the types of the hardware abstraction layer VMM and introduces two type of virtualization on the X86 platform, full-virtualization and pare-virtualization. Then it focuses on describing the implementation mechanism of CPU, memory and I/O operation’s virtualization of hardware-assisted virtualization which makes up for software-based virtualization. At last it presents two virtualization solutions VMware and Xen.2. It studies in-depth the architecture and the theory of implementation of KVM, the interaction and interfaces between KVM and user-space applications, the initiation and creation of virtual machine, the mechanism of virtual MMU and I/O. It compared the performance to some other virtualizations solutions from various aspects by using common methods and analyses the test results. 3. In order to overcome the shortage of KVM tracing system, a new event traces mechanism was designed and implemented based on an in-depth understanding of Linux system trace and debug methods and common tools. All the codes had been submitted to KVM community and it provides a useful tool for debugging and performance tuning. Finally it looks to the future development and research work of KVM.更多还原