【作者】 申林；

【导师】 吴春胜；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以超高产玉米(先玉335和郑单958)和普通玉米(农大364和三北9)为试验材料,研究其产量形成的生理过程及干物质积累与分配的规律。试验于2006-2007年在吉林农业大学试验站和桦甸红石乡进行,采用随机区组设计,三次重复,以各品种的最适密度播种。自苗期开始每20天测定玉米的形态指标、叶面积、叶面积指数、光合势及叶绿素含量;在主要生育时期测定玉米各器官干物质积累情况;灌浆期以后每6天测定籽粒鲜(干)重、灌浆速率;并于收获后考种测产。结果表明:1.超高产玉米和普通玉米的产量和经济系数存在显著差异(p≤0.05),顺序均为:先玉335＞郑单958＞农大364＞三北9。2.超高产玉米籽粒灌浆速率大且持续期长,先玉335与郑单958的高值持续期分别为56和48天,普通玉米农大364和三北9的高值持续期均为39天。且灌浆速率和灌浆过程持续天数与粒重呈显著正相关,说明灌浆速率和灌浆持续天数对粒重起决定作用。3.群体干物质积累速率和最终积累量都表现出先玉335＞郑单958＞农大364＞三北9。每个生育时期所积累的干物质对成熟时积累的干物质贡献不同。全生育时期内,超高产玉米先玉335的干物质占成熟时干物质的比值最大,郑单958次之,三北9最小。4.玉米地上营养器官(叶片、苞叶和茎鞘)的最大干重出现在抽雄期后,其干物质转运率因品种而不同,以超高产玉米先玉335为最高,郑单958次之,三北9最小。5.不同品种玉米的苞叶、叶片和茎鞘中的干物质积累对玉米籽粒的贡献率不同。苞叶的干物质对籽粒的贡献以超高产玉米品种先玉335最小;而叶片和茎鞘的干物质对籽粒的贡献率却相反,先玉335最高。6.群体条件下超高产玉米的叶面积指数和光合势均高于普通玉米。但是,叶面积指数过高和过低都不利于提高粒叶比。适宜的叶面积指数才能协调群体花后源库关系,从而实现高产。相关分析表明:LAI、光合势与四个品种的产量及穗粒数呈显著正相关,与百粒重相关性不大。7.不同品种玉米的茎鞘物质输出率差异极显著(p≤0.01):三北9＞农大364＞郑单958＞先玉335;茎鞘物质输出率与产量及其构成因素呈负相关。本试验研究结果表明:超高产玉米品种具有较高的产量,主要与其在生长的过程中具有干物质积累多、茎鞘物质输出率低、籽粒灌浆速率高值持续期长、群体叶面积指数高、花后总光合势大、苞叶和茎鞘中干物质向籽粒运转率较高,茎鞘中积累的干物质对玉米籽粒的贡献率大有关。本研究为玉米高产优质、高效栽培的主攻方向及合理组装等有关技术提供了理论依据,也为寻求一条适合于吉林省玉米超高产的种植之路奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,super-high yield corns(Xianyu335 and Zhengdan958) and common corns (Nongda364 and Sanbei9) were selected for studies,whose yield-forming physiological process and regulation of dry matter accumulation were studied.The field trials were conducted at the Experimental Station of Jilin Agricultural University(Changchun,China) and Hongshi,Huadian city(Jilin,China) in 2006 and 2007,and were adopted randomized block design.The plots were randomized with three replicates in all field trials.As a result,LA,LAI,LAD and Chlorophyll content were determined per 20 days at the beginning of the seedling stage.The dry matter accumulation of different organ was evaluated at the main growth periods.In addition,the fresh weight,dry weight,volume and the rate of grain-filling of corn kernel were determined after grain-filling stage.And the yield complications were determined in mature stage.A series of results were as follows:1.There were significant differences in the yield and economic coefficient between super-high yield and common corns(p≤0.05):The order was as follows: Xianyu335＞Zhengdan958＞Nongda364＞Sanbei9.2.There was higher rate of grain-filling and the longer duration in super-yield corns compared to the common corns.The duration time of high grain-filling of Xianyu335 and Zhengdan958 was 56 and 48 days,respectively.However,that of Nongda364 and Sanbei9 was 39 days.In addition,there was significant correlation between the grain weight and the rate and the duration time of grain-filling.3.There was higher rate of dry matter accumulation in super-high yield corns compared to common corns.The order was that Xianyu335＞Zhengdan958＞Nongda364＞Sanbei9.The contribution of dry matter was different in different growth stage.During the whole growth periods,that of Xianyu335 was the highest,then Zhengdan958,and there was the lowest contribution in Sanbei9.4.The largest dry weight of nutrient organ(bract、leaf and stem-sheath) occurred after the teaseling stage.The rate of dry matter on corn bract,leaf and stem sheath transported to seed varied with the corn varieties,which of super-high yield(Xianyu335) was the highest and of Sanbei9 was the lowest.5.The contribution of the dry matter accumulation(bract、leaf and stem-sheath) to grain varied with the types of corn varieties.The contribution of bract to kernel was the lowest in super-high yield(Xianyu335) but that of leaf and stem-sheath was the highest in Xianyu335.6.The LAI and LAD of super-high yield corns were higher compared to the common corns under group condition.However,the higher or lower LAI was disadvantage to the ratio (grain/leaf).Only the eligible LAI could coordinate the source-sink relation to achieve high yield of corns.The linear regression analysis indicated that there was positive correlation between LAI、LAD and grain yield、grain per ear,yet no significant correlation with 100-grain weight.7.There was significant difference in the output percent of stem-sheath store matter among different corn varieties(p≤0.01).The order was as follows:Sanbei9＞Nongda364＞Zhengdan958＞Xianyu335.There was negative correlation between the stem-sheath store matter and yield(its components).The result showed that super-high yield corns had many characteristics,such as the higher dry matter accumulation,the lower output percent of stem-sheath store matter,the higher rate and longer duration of grain-filling,the higher LAI and LAD and the higher rate of dry matter on corn bract and stem-sheath transported to seed.The purpose of this study was thus to provide theories for the high quality and yield corn cultivation and to establish the foundation to the super-high yield cultivation in Jilin Province.更多还原