【作者】 孙刚；

【导师】 吴春胜；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验结合国家农业综合开发项目及吉林省农业综合开发项目课题,探讨适合于吉林省种植的超高产玉米在衰老过程中的一些生理生化指标的变化,在相同环境和栽培条件下种植的超高产(紧凑型)品种——先玉335和普通(平展型)品种——三北9号,于再喇叭口期进行剪根处理通过对剪根处理和正常种植以及与普通品种进行比较,研究剪根处理后对地上部分生理生化指标的影响以及产量形成过程中的根系贡献。剪根处理分别为剪根1/4、剪根2/4、剪根3/4,试验历时2年,于2006-2007年分别在吉林农业大学试验站和桦甸红石乡进行。本试验采用随机区组设计,三次重复。高产品设三个密度分别剪根处理,从7月11日开始,每定期调查玉米的形态指标、叶面积、叶面积指数、光合势并测定叶绿素含量;测定植株可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量;玉米收获后进行考种测产。结果表明:1.不论超高产品种还是普通品种,玉米单株叶面积随着生育进程而不断变化,开始增长较缓慢,进入拔节期迅速增加,开花期达最高,而后逐渐降低。但不同处理之间又有所不同,在整个生育期内大体趋势都是先玉335不剪根＞剪根1/4＞剪根2/4＞剪根3/4＞三北9号(图)。而玉米群体叶面积变化与单株变化相似,不同处理之间的差异很大,在叶面积指数最高的吐丝期先玉335不剪根分别高出其他处理10.24%、19.51%、22.32%、43.77%。超高产玉米先玉335不剪根处理的光合势明显高于其他处理,从处理以后的所有时期光合势保持先玉355不剪根＞先玉335剪根1/4＞先玉335剪根2/4〉剪根3/4＞对照三北9号。2.在全生育期内,叶绿素含量呈现单峰变化,峰值出现在灌浆期左右。剪根处理的叶绿素含量明显低于不剪根的超高产品种和普通品种,但剪根1/4的处理与不剪根的处理差别较小,剪根2/4和剪根3/4的处理不但含量很低,而且后期下降的速度很快。总体含量表现为:三北9号＞先玉335〉剪根1/4处理＞剪根2/4处理＞剪根3/4处理。3.在整个生育过程中先玉335不剪根和剪根1/4处理的可溶性蛋白质含量一直明显高于其他处理,说明叶片营养良好,对减缓叶绿素的降解速率、提高光合速率起着重要作用。其他处理叶面积指数底而且由于根系被破坏,造成养分不能及时供给,降低了光合作用合成养分的速率。4.在整个生育期内,所有处理的SOD活性呈单峰曲线变化,到吐丝期出现高峰,之后逐渐下降,且四个品种的变化趋势相同,剪根处理下降较快。超高产品种先玉335的SOD活性高于普通品种三北9号,但是剪根处理低于不剪根处理,且剪根1/4差距最小,通过相关分析得出,剪根1/4处理与不剪根处理差别不显著,其他均为极显著差别。5.通过对不同处理POD活性的比较可以看出,所有处理POD含量的最高值都出现在8月18日,剪根处理后POD的含量与不剪根表现为极显著,但剪根1/4处理再灌浆期后与不剪根先表现为显著差异,之后变为无差异,这个趋势与SOD基本一致。6.五个处理中,超高产品种先玉335不剪根、先玉335剪根1/4的处理CAT活性显著高于其他处理。吐丝期以后高产品种剪根2/4和剪根3/4处理的值下降的速率较快,低于普通品种三北9号。不同密度之间,8万株/公顷的CAT值较高。C1与C3、C4之间存在着极显著的差异,C1与C2抽雄期极显著差异,吐丝期显著差异,以后的两个时期的差异不显著。7.通过显著性分析分析可以看出,抽雄期由于刚刚对根系进行了处理,植株的MDA含量变化较大,以剪根3/4处理的含量最高,剪根2/4处理与之差异不显著,其他处理均表现为差异极显著。直到灌浆期左右,剪根1/4处理与不剪根处理之间的差异不显著,说明剪根1/4处理的植株,根系得到很好的恢复,已经能维持植株的正常代谢,不会与剪根2/4和剪根3/4处理一样表现为早衰,MDA含量快速增加。8.在生育前期,各品种干物质积累量无明显差异,吐丝期开始表现出明显差异,其顺序为先玉335不剪根处理＞对照三北9号＞剪根1/4处理＞剪根2/4处理＞剪根3/4处理。说明不同处理不同生育时期物质积累速度存在着差异,剪根后干物质积累受到严重影响。9.不同处理的穗行数、穗长、穗粗、穗轴粗的差异不显著,行粒数、秃尖长、百粒重、穗轴重呈极显著差异,最终的产量先玉335不剪根＞剪根1/4＞剪根2/4＞三北9号＞剪根3/4,前两个处理差异不显著,与后三个处理的差异极显著,后三个处理的差异不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under the same environment and cultivated conditions,combined with integration research and model on fertility and efficient of corn in Jilin province,two varieties were discussed,which are fit of planting in Jilin Province,Ultra-High-Yield variety(Compact type)-Xianyu335 & common variety(Flat Type)-Sanbei9th, aboveground changes of physiological and biochemical indicators and root contributions to yield,according to different root-cutting treatments or not at loudspeaker period.The proportions of root-cutting are such as 1/4,2/4 and 3/4,the experiment was done on the experimental station of Jilin Agriculture University and Hongshi Town in Huadian City during 2006-2007.Randomized block design was adopted in this experiment; three repeats.Three densities were set up in the root-cutting treatment of Ultra-High-Yield variety.Some indexes were investigated in seeding stage on 11th July such as modality index,LA,LAI,LAD and chlorophyll content,dissolubility sugar,dissolubility protein,SOD activity,POD activity,MDA content,etc. Corn yield was measured after harvest.Results indicated:1.Constantly changes of LAI of individual plant were appeared during the procreated process,and very slowly at the beginning;then improve fast when corn went into jointing stage,the climax came up at the flowering stage;then reduced gradually.But at the whole procreated stage differences were come up in the different treatments,the tendency was about Xianyu335(No root-cutting)＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 1/4)＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 2/4)＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 3/4)＞Sanbei9th.Colony LAI changes were same to the single,and dramatically changes appeared in different treatments,Xianyu335(No root-cutting) LAI was higher than others which adopt treatments,such as 10.24%、19.51%、22.32%、43.77%. Ultra-High-Yield LAD was higher dramatically than other treatments,the result was Xianyu335(No root-cutting)＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 1/4)＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 2/4)＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 3/4)＞Sanbei9th.2.At the whole procreated stage,chlorophyll content appeared odd apex change,the apex came up at the grouting stage.The chlorophyll contents of root-cutting plants were under the no root-cutting varieties, however,the differences were not obviously between the no root-cutting varieties and root-cutting 1/4,and the chlorophyll contents of root-cutting 2/4 and 3/4 were both very low and very fast descendant.Total content results were:Sanbei9th＞Xianyu335(No root-cutting)＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 1/4)＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 2/4)＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 3/4).3.At the whole procreated stage,the dissolubility protein of the treatment of Xianyu335(No root-cutting) and Xianyu335(root-cutting 1/4) were higher obviously than the other treatments all the time.The result showed that leaves nutrition was good,and just the nutrition played a very important role to slow down the degradation of chlorophyll and improve the chlorophyll rates.Other treatments’ LAI were low and chlorophyll rates were also very low owing to destruction of root system which resulted in nutrition was scared.4.At the whole procreated stage,SOD activities of all treatments showed odd apex changes,the apex came up at the spin stage,then reduce gradually,the changes’ tendency were same,and reduce quickly for the varieties which were adopt root-cutting treatment.SOD activity of Ultra-High-Yield varity-Xianyu335 was higher common variety-Sanbei9th,but root-cutting’s was less lowly than no root-cutting,and difference was least for the root-cutting 1/4.Conclusion was obtained through correlate analysis that the distinction was not notable between root-cutting 1/4 and no root-cutting,distinctions among other treatments were super notable.5.According to the compare of POD activity among different treatments,the conclusion was drawn that all of the apexes of POD activities came up on August 18th,the distinction was super notable between root-cutting treatment and no root-cutting.But the distinction between root-cutting 1/4 and no root-cutting was super notable at grouting stage,and it was not notable after the stage,the tendency was consistent with SOD activity.6.Among five treatments,the CAT activities of Ultra-High-Yield variety-Xianyu335 and root-cutting 1/4 treatment were more notable than other treatments.Reduced rate of CAT activity for root-cutting 2/4 treatment and root-cutting 3/4 treatment was more quickly than common variety-Sanbei 9th.Among different densities,CAT activities of 80 thousand plants per hectare were the most higher.The distinctions among C1,C2 and C3 were super notable,especially between C1 and C2.Spin stage of significant differences, after the two stages of the difference was not significant.7.According to the notable analysis,the changes of plants’ MDA content were great at tassel ling stage for the treatment contra posed to root system was at the beginning,and the apex of MDA content came up on root-cutting 3/4 treatment,and the distinction between root-cutting 3/4 treatment and 2/4,the others were super notable.The distinction between root-cutting 1/4 treatment and no root-cutting treatment was not notable until grouting stage.The result showed that root of plants treated root-cutting 1/4 treatment resumed so great that it can maintained the normal metabolism,and it was also not premature senility and MDA content increased quickly,it is different from root-cutting 2/4 treatment’s and root-cutting 3/4 treatment’s.8.Before procreate period,the distinctions among accumulation of dry matters for each variety was not notable,it came up at spin stage,the order was:Xianyu335(No root-cutting)＞Sanbei9th＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 1/4)＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 2/4)＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 3/4).It illuminated that rates of accumulation of dry matters existed distinctions among different treatments and different procreate period,and the accumulation would be influenced after root-cutting treatment.9.The distinctions were not notable among different treatments of the amount,length and width for the corn spikes;the distinctions for the amount of grain,the length of bald tip,the weight of 100 grains and the weight of spike axis were super notable.And final result of yield was Xianyu335(No root-cutting)＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 1/4)＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 2/4)＞Sanbei9th＞Xianyu335(root-cutting 3/4),the distinction between the first two treatments was not notable,the latter three treatments’ were also notable,but it was super notable between the first two treatments and the latter three treatments.更多还原