【作者】 曹洋；

【导师】 吴春胜；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 玉米是C₄作物,光合作用过程中,很多物质参与无机物的转化。其中一些酶类如PEP羧化酶、RuBP羧化酶等,都是光合作用中十分重要的酶,与产量的关系十分密切。植株生长过程中,形成了一个完善的清除活性氧的防卫系统,使植物体内活性氧产生与清除形成一个动态平衡。植物在逆境条件下的保护酶系统包括超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等。研究这些物质的变化规律,及它们在超高产玉米和普通玉米中的变化趋势,对我们今后的玉米超高产具有重要的理论和现实指导意义。试验以超高产玉米先玉335、郑单958,普通玉米农大364、三北9号为材料,研究超高产玉米在生长过程中的一些生理生化指标的变化规律。通过对玉米各生育时期几个重要的保护酶及参与光合作用的羧化酶活性的研究,并对光合作用中及与衰老有关的一些重要物质的变化进行测定,得出酶的活性变化特点,以及各指标与产量之间的关系,揭示超高产玉米各生育时期光合作用酶和保护酶的变化规律及趋势。结果表明,超高产玉米的植株形态与普通玉米差别不大。超高产玉米的叶面积指数比普通玉米高,而且曲线在上升时,较陡、较快,下降时较平缓。在灌浆高峰期先玉335、郑单958、农大364和三北9号的叶面积指数分别为7.23、7.07、6.89、6.45。四个品种叶面积指数的顺序为:先玉335＞郑单958＞农大364＞三北9号。叶绿素含量总体变化趋势相同。超高产品种的叶绿素含量高于普通品种。普通品种的叶绿素含量后期下降速度较快,超高产品种的叶绿素含量下降缓慢,先玉335的叶绿素含量高于郑单958。四个品种叶绿素含量的顺序为:先玉335＞郑单958＞农大364＞三北9号。高产品种先玉335和郑单958的可溶性蛋白质含量一直明显高于普通品种农大364和三北9号,超高产品种郑单958的可溶性蛋白含量最大值达到48mg/g,而两个普通品种的可溶性蛋白含量的最大值仅为43.2mg/g和44.8mg/g.叶片可溶性糖含量的变化趋势一致,前期超高产品种的可溶性糖含量低于普通品种,后期高于普通品种。超高产品种POD活性高于普通品种。四个品种的POD活性最大值分别达到210u/（g·min）,195u/（g·min）,185u/（g·min）,177u/（g·min）。四个品种POD活性的排列顺序为:先玉335＞郑单958＞农大364＞三北9号。SOD活性的变化趋势基本相同,超高产品种SOD活性高于普通品种,四个品种的SOD活性最大值分别为540 u/（g·min）、480 u/（g·min）、473 u/（g·min）、458 u/（g·min）。四个品种SOD活性的排列顺序为:先玉335＞郑单958＞农大364＞三北9号。超高产品种CAT活性显著高于普通品种。前期先玉335与郑单958的CAT活性交错上升,之后比较接近。四个品种的峰值分别为:62.9 u/（g·min）、60 u/（g·min）、57.1 u/（g·min）、54.1u/（g·min）。抽雄期之后,四个品种CAT活性的排列顺序为:郑单958＞先玉335＞农大364＞三北9号。前期超高产品种与普通品种之间MDA含量差别不大。后期普通品种丙二醛含量均高于超高产品种。超高产玉米的PEP羧化酶活性和RuBP羧化酶活性均高于普通玉米,同时,随着植株光合能力的下降均呈下降趋势。在抽雄期两个玉米品种的RuBP羧化酶活性均达到最大值,同时高产品种和普通品种之间差别很大。超高产品种与普通品种产量之间存在着显著的差异。先玉335的产量最高,比郑单958高出3.6%,比农大364高出43.3%,比三北9号高出54.4%。四个品种的产量顺序为:先玉335＞郑单958＞农大364＞三北9号。更多还原

【Abstract】 The corn is a C₄ farm crop,in the photosynthesis process,a lot of materials participate the conversion of inorganic matter.Among them,some enzymes are all very important and have close ralationships with yield,such as PEPCase and RuBPCase.In The process of growing,plant have a perfect defending system of live oxygen clearance,so the dynamic equilibrium was set up about the live oxygen creation and clearance. The plant’s protective enzymes system under the adverse circumstances include Superoxide Dismutase（SOD）, Peroxidase（POD）,Catalase（CAT）etc.Studing the regulations of these materials’ variety and the trend of variety in the super high yield corns and common corns will have a important guide meaning to our corn production on theories and reality.In this study,we use super high yield corns xianyu 335,zhengdan 958 and common corns nongda 364,sanbei 9 as meterials,We studied the regulations of some physiological and bio-chemical index in the progress of super high yield corns.Through the research on the photosynthesis enzymes and protective enzymes in the growing progress and the mensuration of several materials in the photosynthesis and senescence progress,we work out the characteristics of enzymes’ activity variety and the relation between every indexes and yield to find the rule of photosynthesis enzymes and protective enzymes’ variation.The results showed that there are not obvious differences between super high yield corns’ plant types and common corns’.The LAI of super high yield corns is higher than common corns’,mean while,the foregoing trend line is more abrupt,more quick when rising and more even slow when descending.In filling Stage,four cultivars’ max LAI are 7.23,7.07,6.89,6.45.The sequence of them is xianyu 335＞zhengdan 958＞nongda 364＞sanbei 9.They have all the same variation trend of CHL content.The super high yield corns’ CHL content is higher than commons’.The common corns’ CHL content declines more quickly in the end than super high yield corns’.The CHL content of xianyu 335 is higher than zhengdan 958.The sequence of four cultivars’ CHL content is xianyu 335＞zhengdan 958＞nongda 364＞sanbei 9.The soluble protein content of super high yield corns is higher than common corns’ obviously all the time.The max soluble protein content of zhengdan 958 is 48mg/g while two commons’ are only 43.2 and 44.8mg/g.The two trends of soluble sugar variation in the leaf are the same.The super high yield corns’ soluble sugar content is lower than commons’ in prophase but higher in anaphase.The super high yields’ POD activity is higher than commons’. The max POD activity of them are 210u/（g·min）,195u/（g·min）,185u/（g·min） and 177u/（g·min）.The sequence is xianyu 335＞zhengdan 958＞nongda 364＞sanbei 9.The super high yields’ SOD activity is higher than commons’.The max SOD activity of them are 540 u/（g·min）、480 u/（g·min）、473 u/（g·min）、458 u/（g·min）.The sequence is xianyu 335＞zhengdan 958＞nongda 364＞sanbei 9.The super high yields’ CAT activity is higher than commons’ obviously.The CAT activities of xianyn 335 and zhengdan 958 were rising reciprocally in prophase and closely in anaphase.The max activities are 62.9 u/（g·min）、60 u/（g·min）、57.1 u/（g·min） and 54.1 u/（g·min）.Before filling stage the sequence is xianyu 335＞zhengdan 958＞nongda 364＞sanbei 9.There is not obvious difference on MDA content between two types of corns in prophase.But in anaphase,the MDA content of commons’ is higher than the others’ significantly.The PEP activity and RuBP activity of supers’ are all higher than commons’.Accompanied by the photosynthesis ability descending, the two activities are declining finally.Two types of corns’ RuBP activities reach the top and the difference is obvious between two types of corns before filling stage.There is obvious difference between the two types of corns’ yield.The yield of Xianyu 335 is the highest,and 3.6%higher than Zhengdan 958,43.3%than Nongda 364,54.4%than Sanbei 9.The sequence is Xianyu 335＞Zhengdan 958＞Nongda 364＞Sanbei 9.更多还原