【作者】 刘瑛；

【导师】 崔国发； 陈建伟；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 自然保护区学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 2008年5.12汶川大地震使川金丝猴栖息地受到重创,其赖以生存的一部分生态系统被严重的破坏,卧龙川金丝猴的生存面临威胁,该物种栖息地的地震灾后重建和生态修复为世人所关注。本研究基于167篇野生动物生境研究文献的基础上,总结了31种生境研究中用到的统计分析方法,以及41个川金丝猴生境研究应用过的生态因子,选取出13个因子作为野外调查考察指标。根据实地考察和收集资料的基础上,从生境三要素食物、隐蔽条件、气候水文条件分析了卧龙川金丝猴的生境选择机制;利用主成分分析和相关性分析确定影响川金丝猴生境选择的主要指标,分析结果显示:乔木平均胸径、坡度、乔木郁闭度、海拔、坡位、人为干扰、乔木高度是影响川金丝猴生境选择的关键因子,七个主成分贡献了达到98.64%。基于确定的指标体系分析川金丝猴最适栖息地条件:它们在海拔2400-3000m活动最为频繁(54.5%),最喜欢选择在坡度为21-30°(48.5%)的南坡(60.6%),山体的中坡位(51.5%)以及山坡的上部(33.3%)活动,倾向于选择郁闭度在50%-75%之间(84.8%)、乔木胸径在21-30cm之间(57.6%)、高度在20-29m之间(51.5%)长势较好的针阔混交林中(75.8%)活动,川金丝猴对环境干扰很敏感,一般都选择远离公路、村庄等区域(84.8%),以此作为川金丝猴生境恢复过程中的目标栖息地。采用模糊综合评价法对5.12汶川地震后卧龙自然保护区川金丝猴栖息地进行综合评价,划分出最适宜、适宜、次适宜、不适宜四个等级栖息地,待灾后实地调查获取数据后,根据更新的各生态因子的实际变化情况,系统自动生成该栖息地灾后新的生境综合情况评价,并根据各个区域受破坏和退化的程度划分出不同的适宜级别,有针对性的提出优化建议,确定与之相适应的恢复途径。提出了自然力恢复途径、人工修复途径、生态重建途径三种路线,以提高修复效率,达到尽快修复的目的。最后将整个分析、评价、提出对策的过程,用Visual Basic 2005编程语言开发了桌面应用程序《地震灾后卧龙川金丝猴适宜栖息地恢复系统》,提供了可实时参与到川金丝猴生境恢复工作的评价优化平台。系统能够针对卧龙自然保护区各个区域的微生境,通过分析和评价迅速判断出该区域与川金丝猴最适宜栖息地的差异,并给出恢复、改善方案,且自动生成一份图文并茂的栖息地生境综合评价报告,与此同时,输入的该条栖息地数据也将自动保存至卧龙川金丝猴栖息地数据库中以便将来进行整理和统计。川金丝猴栖息地修复指标系统的研究在提高地震灾后栖息地重建工作效率的同时,也增强了栖息地灾后生境恢复工作的科学性、合理性和有效性。为灾后卧龙自然保护区川金丝猴栖息地重建规划的制定奠定了科学基础,对解决震后因次生灾害引起栖息地内新的“岛屿化”、“破碎化”有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the afternoon of May 12,2008,an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richer scale hit Wenchuan area of Sichuan,Golden Monkey and its habitat was seriously damaged.The restoration and reconstruction of Gonkey Monkey’s habitat receives considerable publicity.In this paper,the Indicator System of Golden Monkey’s habitat restoration is discussed.The author sum up 31 analytical methods and 41 influence factors of habitat by reviewing 167 papers on habitat selection of wild animal.Thirty-three samples and 13 factors are set up for quantitative analysis in the habitat of Golden Monkey.Based on the information of field survey and papers,the author analyse its habitat selective mechanism from three aspects,they are food,conceal condition,the hydrological and climatic conditions.In this paper,the key factors affecting the habitat selection of Golden Monkey are divided into three categories:abiological environmental factors,biological environment factors and impacts factors. The Principal Component Analysis shows that there are seven main factors affecting the habitat selection of Golden Monkey.They are average DBH,slope gradient,canopy coverage,elevation,slope position,human disturb,tree height.The most suitable habitat of Golden Monkey is that the elevation is 2400-3000m(54.5%),the slope gradient is 21-30°(48.5%),the slope position is middle slope site(51.5%),the canopy coverage is 50%-75%(84.8%),the average DBH is 21-30cm(57.6%),the tree height is 20-29cm(51.5%).They are sensitive to the human disturb,they select the area far away from kinds of human activities(84.8%).Therefore,the target habitat of restoration is setted.By using the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method to evaluate the habitat,the quality of habitat is classified into four grades,they are:most suitable,suitable,marginally suitable,unsuitable. There are three ways of rehabilitation,depending on the practical situation of habitat quality after the earthquake.The author develope the desk application program "The Rhinopithecus roxellanae’s habitat restoration system".It makes the process of analysis and evaluation routinely and automatically,and provides the data,graphs and the suggestions for rehabilitation of Golden Monkey.The system not only improve the efficiency and quality for rehabilitation work,but also enhances the scientificity,rationality,availability.This study provides a scientific basis for post-quake restoration and reconstruction of Golden Monkey’s habitat.更多还原