【作者】 陈岩；

【导师】 刘晓东； 施冰；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 论文以蝴蝶兰(phalaenopsis)为研究材料,从植物生长的外在表现和内在机制探讨了微量元素铁锌硼和改良后的霍格兰营养液浓度对蝴蝶兰营养生长和生殖生长的影响。研究结果表明:1、正交试验得出,试验中不同测定指标对于铁、锌、硼三种微量元素需求量存在差异。微量元素铁、锌、硼不同水平组合的营养液对蝴蝶兰营养生长有显著影响。在蝴蝶兰营养生长阶段,对形态指标有影响作用的是铁元素和锌元素。方差分析得出,1.43mg/L的铁元素和0.50mg/L的锌元素组合有助于叶片数量的增长,而4.30mg/L的铁元素和0.15mg/L的锌元素组合有助于叶面积的增长;对生理指标有影响作用的是铁元素和硼元素,2.87mg/L的铁元素和0.25mg/L的硼元素组合可使蝴蝶兰叶片生理指标表现最佳。蝴蝶兰营养生长阶段各形态指标和生理指标有优秀表现的组合是:4.30mg/L的铁元素、0.10 mg/L的锌元素和0.25mg/L的硼元素。2、微量元素铁、锌、硼不同水平组合的营养液对蝴蝶兰植株开花品质存在显著影响。铁元素对花梗和花朵都影响显著;硼元素对花梗的影响显著;而锌元素对花朵的影响显著。铁元素为1.43mg/L和硼元素为0.50mg/L时,花梗表现最优秀;铁元素为2.87mg/L和锌元素为0.05mg/L时,花朵表现最佳。适合蝴蝶兰生殖生长时期的铁、锌、硼水平组合为1.43mg/L的铁元素、0.05mg/L的锌元素和0.25mg/L的硼元素。3、铁元素对蝴蝶兰叶片中氮元素和钾元素的吸收和利用的影响明显。随铁元素使用量增加,氮元素含量下降,钾元素含量先上升后下降;锌元素对蝴蝶兰叶片中钾元素的吸收和利用影响显著,随锌元素使用量增加,钾元素含量下降;而硼元素对叶片中氮、磷、钾三种大量元素的吸收与利用影响未达到显著水平。4、同一配方不同营养液浓度试验得出,营养液浓度对蝴蝶兰营养生长有显著影响。0.5～1倍的营养液浓度最适合蝴蝶兰叶片生长;1倍的营养液浓度使蝴蝶兰叶片中叶绿素和可溶性糖的含量较高,而2倍浓度使可溶性蛋白含量达到最大值。结合试验得出的多项数据,1倍的营养液浓度最适合蝴蝶兰营养生长时期。5、同一配方不同营养液浓度也影响蝴蝶兰的开花性质。整体来看,最能够让蝴蝶兰开花品质表现优秀的应为0.5倍浓度的营养液。而不同浓度的营养液,使花梗抽出的时间存在差异,可根据具体要求选择适应的营养液浓度,提前或延迟花梗抽出的时间,以满足市场的需求。6、同一配方不同营养液浓度对叶片中氮、磷、钾三种大量元素的含量影响显著。叶片中氮、钾两种元素含量随营养浓度升高首先呈现上升趋势,而当达到2倍营养液浓度时含量达到最大,当营养液浓度进一步增大时,两种元素含量降低。磷元素含量始终随营养液浓度的增加而提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dissertation take phalaenopsis as the research material to study the effects of elements Iron(Fe)、Zinc(Zn)、Boron(B) and improved Hoagland Solution strength of nutrient solutions on the nutrient solutions on the nutritional growth and reproductive growth of phalaenopsis from the outward expression and inward mechanism of plant’s growth.The results of research have demonstrated that:1.Orthononal experient states that different quotas have different needs to the three elements of Iron(Fe)、Zinc(Zn)、Boron(B).Different nutrient solutions which have been composed and disposed by Iron(Fe),Zinc(Zn) and Boron(B) have different effect ions to phalaenopsis’s nourishment and growth.In the period of phalaenopsis’s nourishment and growth,iron and zinc effect on the target of form..The analysis of variancecomponet shows that the composition of Iron(Fe) of 1.4365 mg/L and Zinc(Zn) of 0.5000mg/L are conducive to the increase of blades quantity.Besides the composition of Iron(Fe) of 4.3094 mg/L and Zinc(Zn) of 0.1500mg/L is condusive to the increase of blade’s area;On the other hand,the elements which have effets on the target of physiology are Iron(Fe) and Boron(B).Iron(Fe) of 2.8729 mg/L and Boron(B) of 0.2500 mg/L are composed to make an excellent expression on the target of physiology of phalaenopsis’s blade.When it composed with iron of 4.3094 mg/L,0.1000 mg/L of zinc and 0.2500 mg/L boron, phalaenopsis showed relatively excellent expression on the target of form and physiology in the period of its nourishment and growth.2.Different nutrient solutions which have been composed and disposed by Iron(Fe),Zinc(Zn) and Boron(B) have an outstanding influence on the quality of phalaenopsis’s blossom.Iron(Fe) have a significant influence both on peduncles and flowers;Boron(B) have a notable effect on peduncles;while,Zinc(Zn) affect flowers evidently.When Iron(Fe) are fixed as 1.4365 mg/L and Boron(B) are fixed to 0.5000mg/l,peduncles showed an excellent expression;While,when Iron(Fe) are fixed to 2.8729mg/L and Zinc(Zn) are fixed as 0.0500mg/L,flowers showed excellent expression.The level’s combinations of Iron(Fe),Zinc(Zn) and Boron(B) which accommodated for the period of phalaenopsis reproduction and growth are Iron(Fe) of 1.4365 mg/L,Zinc(Zn) of 0.0500mg/L and boron of 0.2500mg/L.3.Iron distinctly effects on the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and Potassium(K) which are in the phalaenopsis’s blade.With the increase of proportion of Iron’s utilization and the decrease of the content of Nitrogen(N),Potassium(K) rised at the beginning and then descended.Zinc(Zn) obviously on the absorption and utilization of potassium(K) which is in the phalaenopsis’s blade;With the increase of proportion of Iron’s utilization,the content of Potassium(K) descended.Nevertheless,Boron’s affect on the absorption and unitization of nitrogen(N) phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) the three important elements which in the phalaenopsis’s blade didn’t reach a significant level.4.The experiments which have the same prescriptions but different strength of nutrient solutions lead to that the strength of nutrient solutions have a significant influence on phalaenopsis’s nourishment and growth.0.5～1 time of the strength of nutrient solutions are most suitable for the blade’s growth of phalaenopsis.1 time of the strength of nutrient solutions is perfectly appropriate for the growth of phalaenopsis’s blade.More over,it can enhance the contents of chlorophyll and soluble sugar in the phalaenopsis.Yet 2 time of the strength can make soluble protein reach the greatest value with several data from the experiments,it can’t reach that the strength of 1 time of nutrient solutions is perfectly appropriate for the period of the nourishment and growth of phalaenopsis.5.Same prescriptions but different strength of nutrient solutions also affected the quality of phalaenopsis’s blossom.Overall the solutions which can make the most excellent quality of phalaenopsis’s blossom should be the strength of 0.5 time of the nutrient solutions.While different strength of the nutrient solutions can make divergences of the times that the peduncles send forth.You can according to specific demands to choose proper strength of solution to urge or delay the time the peduncles send forth for the market’s requirement.6.Same priscriptions but different strength of nutrient solutions have a significant influence on blade’s content of the three elements Nitrogen(N)、Phosphorus(P)、and Potassium(K).the content of two elements Nitrogen(N) and Potassium(K) in blade showed a rising tendency with the increase of the strength of nutrient solutions at the beginning.While when it reached 2 time of the strength of nutrient solutions,the content attained to maximum, the content of the two elements descended with the strength.The content of Phosphorus(P) rised with the increase of the strength of nutrient solutions from the beginning to end.更多还原