【作者】 徐波；

【导师】 严善春；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 红松是稀有而又名贵的树种,具有极大的经济价值。在黑龙江省红松人工林内,梢斑螟属(Dioryctria)种类害虫对球果及枝梢危害严重,因其种内外部形态变异较大、种间外部形态及生活习性非常相似,极易混淆。此类害虫生活隐蔽,发育不整齐,目前还没有有效的防治措施。为了澄清这些危害红松球果和主梢的梢斑螟属近缘种的生物生态学习性和危害特点,本研究采用野外调查与实验室观察相结合的方法对其进行了研究。在明确害虫种类和其生物学习性、危害特性的前提下,采用阿维菌素、吡虫啉和高效氯氰菊酯对害虫进行了喷雾防治试验;采用啶虫咪、高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素对害虫进行了烟剂防治试验。针对害虫特殊的生物学习性,本文尝试从害虫转移期红松化学物质的变化情况来对其进行解释,进一步揭示植食性昆虫与寄主的化学联系和协同进化关系。研究结果表明,在黑龙江省危害红松果梢的害虫主要为赤松梢斑螟(D.sylvestrella)和冷杉梢斑螟(D.abietella),前者常一果一虫,在果、梢间转移危害,被害果流脂多但不腐烂;后者常一果多虫,无转移危害习性,被害果易腐烂。同时首次报道了危害红松球果的另一害虫球果小花尺蛾(Eupithecia gigantea Staudinger)。经过药剂的筛选和防治试验,初步确定喷雾阿维菌素4000倍液、吡虫啉1500倍液和高效氯氰菊酯2000倍液防治效果较好,校正防治效果分别达到61.11%、72.72%和57.89%;阿维菌素烟剂防治效果高于40%。通过测定赤松梢斑螟转移危害期红松球果及主梢内2种保护性酶、1种防护性酶、1种蛋白酶抑制剂及营养物质的变化,研究了红松化学防御与两种害虫不同生态对策的关系。结果表明:第一次转移危害期,红松主梢内过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI)活性均远大于球果中活性(P＜0.01),营养物质可溶性糖和总蛋白含量在主梢内和球果中相差不大(P＞0.01);第二次转移危害期,主梢内四种防御物质活性与球果中活性相差不大(P＞0.01),球果内的总蛋白和可溶性糖的含量均小于主梢,且差异显著(P＜0.01)。结果显示赤松梢斑螟的转移危害习性与红松的化学防御和营养物质含量密切相关。本研究立足于实用、指导生产实践的原则,通过对害虫种类的确定和其生物学特性的研究,为监测和无公害化学防治提供了理论依据,为将来有效的控制害虫奠定了坚实的基础。红松化学物质与害虫的生态对策息息相关,也为将来从化学生态学角度出发,增强红松抗性,控制害虫种群数量提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Korean pine is valuable to human.Man-made Korean pine forest in Heilongjiang province was severely damaged by some species of Dioryctria(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).The species of Dioryctria have a nearly similar outlooks and biology so they were very easy to be confused. And there was no efficient controls to them.For the reason of raveling the biological, ecological and damage characteristics of these species,we carried a long time investigation combined with laboratory experiments to research the Korean pine cone worms.After clear the ecological and damage characteristics,we use Abamectin,Imidacloprid and Beta cypermethrin spraying;use Acetamiprid,Beta cypermethrin and Abamectin insecticidal smoke;sex-lure try to control the pests.And to the pest’s unique bionomics,we try to explain it from the aspect of Korean pine chemical substances changes during the pest’s transfer period,and further the coevolution relationship between herbivore and the host plants.The research showed that the cone worm species in Heilongjiang province were mainly D. sylvestrella and D.abietella.D.sylvestrella often had one larva in one cone,and had transfer damage characteristics between the cones and tips,and the damaged cones were not tend to rotten.D.abietella often had many larvae in one cone,had no transfer damage characteristics, and the damaged cones were tend to rotten.At the same time,we also report another worm damaged on Korean pine cone for the first time,it’s Eupithecia gigantea Staudinger.Through the selection of spraying insecticides,we preliminary confirmed Abamectin 4000X,Imidacloprid 1500X and Beta cypermethrin 2000X were the best insecticides.The regulate effect is separately 61.11%、72.72%and 57.89%;Insecticidal smoke Abamectin had the best agent,its regulate effect was better than 40%.Through determine the chemical substances during the pest’s transfer period,we researched the relationship between the Korean pine chemical defense and the pest’s different eco-strategy.The results showed that four defense substance in tips were much higher than that in the cones during the first transfer period(P＜0.01),while nutritious substance soluble sugar and totap protein had separately negative difference(P＞0.01);but the four defense substance in tips and the cones had a negative difference(P＞0.01) during the second transfer period, while the content of soluble sugar and totap protein in cones lower than that of tips(P＜0.01), the result obviously showed that the transfer damage characteristics of the pest had a close relationship with Korean pine chemical substances.This research based on the principle of practical and instruction purpose,through the accurate pest identification and research on the basic bionomics,we provide theoretical basis for the chemical control and sex-lure monitor and control.And we established solid foundation for the efficient control in future.Also the Korean pine chemical substances had a close relationship with pest’s eco-strategy,our research supplied a theoretical basis for the future strengthen Korean pine resistance,control the pest population from the chemical ecology aspect.更多还原