【作者】 刘晓东；

【导师】 孙广玉；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 遗传学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以黑龙江省伊春市小兴安岭地区无人为干扰的森林湿地代表性植物修氏苔草和小叶章为研究对象,测定植株在灌木阴生、落叶松沼泽、毛赤杨沼泽、灌木阳生和草地沼泽等微生境下的叶片解剖学参数和光合生理学参数,从而阐明两种代表性植物对生境微环境适应的植物生理学基础。结果表明:（1）与阳生生境如灌木阳生和草地沼泽相比,灌木阴生、落叶松沼泽和毛赤杨沼泽条件下生长的修氏苔草和小叶章,叶片短小、叶片较薄、叶片单位面积叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素含量均较高,此外,受养分条件的限制,阴生修氏苔草和小叶章叶片中有机物积累少,鲜重、干重以及单位面积的重量均较小。（2）修氏苔草和小叶章对阴生生境具有一定的适应能力,光补偿点和二氧化碳补偿点均较低,说明其在可获得光、二氧化碳水平较低的条件下仍能进行光合作用、积累光合产物。修氏苔草和小叶章在郁闭度高的毛赤杨沼泽光补偿点（LCP）最低(分别为5.12μmol·m^-2s-1和7.17μmol·m^-2s-1),随着郁闭度减小,叶片光补偿点逐渐增加,草地沼泽中修氏苔草和小叶章叶片光补偿点（LCP）最高,分别为29.15μmol·m^-2s-1和45.75μmol·m^-2s-1。但是,阴生生境下两种植物对光能的潜在利用能力较低,光饱和点较低且高光条件下光保护水平较低,易发生光抑制。落叶松沼泽和灌木阴生下修氏苔草的光饱和点（LSP）较低,为498μmol·m^-2s-1,仅为草地沼泽下的62.2%,毛赤杨沼泽下的修氏苔草光饱和点则更低,仅为草地沼泽下的43.2%,而毛赤杨沼泽和落叶松沼泽小叶章的LSP较修氏苔草低,仅为150μmol·m^-2s-1,为草地沼泽的33.2%,灌木阴生条件下其LSP为草地沼泽小叶章的50.6%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Leaf anatomical and photosynthetic parameters of Carex schmidtii and Calamagrostis angustifolia, undisturbed representative species in forest wetland,were investigated in five types of microhabitats in Lesser Khingan area in Yichun city,Heilongjiang Province,China,to clarify the plant physiology based adaptability to microhabitats.The microhabitats included shrub-shade,larch-marsh,Alnus incana-marsh, shrub-sun and grass-marsh habitats.The results were shown as follows:1) C.schmidtii and C.angustifolia growing in shade habitats,compared with those growing in sun habitats,had the characteristics of shorter and thinner leaves,higher contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b,carotenoid and total chlorophyll unit leaf area.Moreover,shade leaves had less accumulation of organic matters,lower fresh weight,dry weight and weight per unit area than those of sun leaves.2) C.schmidtii and C.angustifolia had a certain adaptability to shade microhabitats as indicated by a low level of light compensation point（LCP） and compensation point of carbon dioxide（CCP）.This showed that the two species could accumulate photosynthetic product under limited light and carbon dioxide availability.Light compensation points in leaves of C.schmidtii and C.angustifolia were lowest in Alnus incana-marsh habitat that had the highest level of crown density in all the five microhabitats.Light compensation point of the leaves increased with the decrease of crown density,and the highest LCP of the leaves occurred in the grass marsh with thevalue of 29.15μmol·m^-2s-1 and 45.75μmol·m^-2s-1,respectively. However,the two species in shade habitats had a low capability of potential light utilization,as indicated by a low light saturation point and weak in light protection capability.Light saturation point in leaves of C. schmidtii was low in larch marsh and shrub-shade habitat,approximately 498μmol·m^-2s-1 only accounting for 62.2%of that in the grass marsh;leaf LSP of C.schmidtii was the lowest in Alnus incana marsh,only equal to 43,2%of that in the grass marsh.LSP in leaves of C.angustifolia growing in Alnus incana marsh and larch marsh were only 150μmol·m^-2s-1 accounting for 33.2%of that in the grass marsh.LSP in leaves of C.angustifolia growing in shrub-shade habitat was equal to 50.6%of that in the grass marsh.更多还原