【作者】 孙长虹；

【导师】 张伟；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 特种经济动物饲养， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以产于黑龙江省小兴安岭通河县龙口林场的东北亚种正冬季成体黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)雌雄各15只为研究材料,除对其皮张面积进行测量外,还分别采集头顶部、背中部、腹中部、臀部、尾中部、前肢上部、前肢下部、后肢上部、后肢下部等9个部位的直针毛、披针毛、绒针毛、绒毛各5根,同时分别采集前爪部和后爪部上毛各5根。制取鳞片压模片和髓质花纹片用于进行光镜观察和测量;沿着“结构—功能—适应”三位一体的研究路线,按扫描电镜制样法制样进行扫描电镜的鳞片观察和拍照。应用H6303i生物显微镜及配套的图片处理、测量软件,对上述11个部位的5种类型毛的毛长度、髓质长度、毛尖无髓段长度、毛细度、髓质细度、各类型鳞片长度进行了测量,同时测量了背部直针毛和爪部上毛的毛根细度和毛囊长度,并计算了髓质长度占毛全长的比例、毛尖无髓段长度占毛全长的比例、髓质指数、各类型鳞片占毛全长的比例。应用spss软件对上述指标进行统计分析,得出以下结论:(1)黄鼬皮张大小及四种类型毛的分布搭配对于其整体的适应具有重要意义。(2)在全面加强保温和抵御机械损伤的前提下,黄鼬被毛的形态结构因身体部位不同具有明显的功能性分化。(3)黄鼬爪部上毛髓质指数小、毛根细度大、毛囊长等特殊结构对于其保护机体免受机械损伤具有重要作用。(4)黄鼬肢体末端及爪部上毛所具有的较躯干部位针毛发达的扁平型鳞片加强了对毛纤维的保护。(5)黄鼬被毛形态结构各性状的功能分化不是孤立的,相同部位同种类型毛的形态结构各性状具有功能同一性。(6)小兴安岭通河林区冬季黄鼬被毛的形态结构特点对于其适应当地环境具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the research material was fur from 30 yellow weasels (Mustela sibirica) which were sampled from Longko Forest Farm of Tonghe in Xiaoxingan Mountains in winter, 15 males and 15 female respectively. The area of the weasels fur were measured, and four types of hair were sampled from different parts of the weasel including head, back, belly, buttocks, middle tail, upper part of foreleg and hind leg, lower part of foreleg and hind leg, 5 hairs of each type at every part, meanwhile, 5 upper hairs were sampled from forepaw and hind paw respectively. All the sampled hairs were made into cuticular impression organic glass and medulla pattern slide. According to the study guideline of structure-function-adaptation combination, all types of hair from all the sampled parts were measured for indexes including the length of hair, medulla and non-medulla tip, the diameter of hair and medulla, the length of different types of scales, additionally pin-hair from the back and the upper hair from paws were measured for the diameter of hair root and the length of hair follicle by using scanning electron microscope photographing, biological microscope and its supporting software for photo processing and measuring. Then the proportion of medulla length to hair length, length of non-medulla tip to hair length, medulla diameter to hair diameter, and length of different types of scale were calculated respectively. By using software SPSS, statistical analysis for indexes above were carried out and the conclusions were as following: (1) the body size and the growth match of four hair types is of great significance for the weasel’s adaptability. (2) On the precondition that enhancing the function for heat preservation and mechanical injury resistance, the indexes of Siberian weasel’s hair has an obviously functional differentiation according to the different function focus of different parts of the body. (3) The special structure of upper hairs from weasel’s paws, where the medullary index is lower, the hair diameter is thicker and the length of hair follicle is longer, is of great significance for mechanical injury resistance.(4) Imbricate scales of upper hairs from the end of weasel’s limb are stronger than those from the main body so that enhance the function of mechanical injury resistance for the hair fibers.(5) For the weasel, functional differentiation of these indexes is not isolated; the function of hairs from same part is consistent. (6) The characteristic of Siberian weasel’s hairs and body is of great significance for the adaptation to environment, which is a result of natural selection during the long-term evolutionary process.更多还原