【作者】 姜帆；

【导师】 董希斌；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 森林工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 林业是生态建设的主体,退化森林生态系统恢复和评价是生态学领域研究的热点之一,生存环境的不断恶化不可避免地会危及到人类自身,因而生态恢复研究不仅是生态学领域的一个热点问题,而且也是维持人类社会可持续发展的必然要求。生态恢复是一种动态过程,对森林生态恢复进行评价,可以及时了解森林生态系统状态、森林生态恢复程度等信息,但森林生态系统的特征和属性是不断变化的,评估退化生态系统需要综合考虑多方面的因素,因此选择合适的评价标准和评价方法对森林生态系统恢复效果进行评价是十分必要的。本文首先系统总结了国内外对退化森林生态系统恢复方面的研究成果,在分析大量文献资料和现场踏勘调查的基础上,在帽儿山地区设置7个典型森林生态恢复示范区,通过对帽儿山7种典型森林类型(示范区)植被恢复的调查,以生物多样性为研究对象,应用主成分分析、典型相关分析的方法,将各示范区恢复情况进行评价,并分析示范区植被恢复效果与影响因素之间的关系。然后针对评价结果,以原始阔叶红松林作对照,应用聚类分析进行检验,两种研究方法结果基本一致。为系统对退化森林生态系统恢复效果进行评价,本文运用多样性指数、构成指数、结构-多样性指数综合评价,对各个示范区的健康情况进行评价,最后结合该地区退化森林生态系统具体情况提出生态恢复的建议和措施。研究结果表明:恢复时间、采伐方式对生物多样性的恢复和分布起主导作用,示范区Ⅵ营造樟子松与水曲柳带状混交林的恢复效果最好,示范区Ⅶ恢复效果次之。示范区Ⅵ营造樟子松与水曲柳带状混交林的健康恢复状况最好,符合实际情况,为山地退化森林生态系统最优恢复技术的选择提供决策支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forestry is the main body of the ecological construction, Restoration and evaluation of degraded forest ecosystem is one of the research hot spots in the ecological field. The continuous deterioration of the living environment will inevitably endanger mankind itself, and thus the research of ecology restoration is not only a hot problem in the ecological field, but also it is an inevitable requirement to maintain the sustainable development of human society. Ecological restoration is one kind of dynamic process, we can timely learn the information about the condition of forest ecosystem and the degree of forest ecological restoration to evaluate forest ecological restoration. But the characteristics and property of forest ecosystem are constantly changing, it need to consider various factors for evaluating degraded ecological ecosystem, therefore selecting the appropriate evaluation criteria and methods evaluates the restored effects of forest ecosystem are very necessary.Firstly, this article summarizes the research results about restoration of degraded forest ecosystem at home and abroad systematically. On the basis of analyzing a large number of documents and investigating the scene spot, we set up seven typical forest ecological restoration types in the maoer mountainous region. Through surveying the seven typical forest types(demonstration areas)in the maoer mountainous region, taking biodiversity as the criterion, using Principal Component Analysis and the CCA methods, this study analyzed the relationship between the restoration condition and environmental factors. Then in view of the grading result, we carry on the examination using the Cluster Analysis making the comparison by the Original broad-leaved Korean pine forest, the results of two research methods are basically the same.For evaluating restored effects of degraded forest ecosystem systematically, this article applies comprehensive evaluation of diversity indices, constitution index, structure-diversity index, carries on evaluation for health conditions in each demonstration area, finally proposes proposals and measures of ecological restoration combining with the specific circumstances of degraded forest ecosystem in the area.Results showed that harvesting method is the dominant factor affecting the restoration of biodiversity. Among the sites studied, demonstration area VI showed the best restoration results where Betula platyphylla and Fraxinus mandshurica belt-shaped mixed forest is developed, followed by demonstration areaⅦ. The study results provide supports for the management decision of the optimized biodiversity restoration techniques in the region.更多还原