【作者】 朱世兵；

【导师】 张明海；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 在野外实地调查,并结合前人研究的成果上,对大兴安岭地区松岭林业局壮志林场貂熊的生境选择进行了研究,并建立研究区域植被分布数据库和数字高程模型(DEM),应用模糊赋值求积法建立生境适宜性评价模型对研究地区的貂熊生境做出初步评价,并探讨有效的保护管理策略。研究结果表明:(1)影响貂熊生境选择的主要生态因子是人类干扰,其次是水源和隐蔽条件,以及海拔和坡度。大兴安岭东坡南部貂熊冬季偏好栖息在海拔600-800m、雪深较厚的东向或北向缓坡上,选择在距河流500-1000m、郁闭度为和隐蔽度适中、乔木密度大于80棵/100m~2、倒木数大于10棵/100m~2的针阔混交林、针叶林或阔叶林林型中活动,林间运材道对其没有显著影响,而要求距铁路和公路距离大于5km、距居民点距离大于20km。(2)在不考虑人为干扰情况下,貂熊的适宜生境面积为239km~2,占壮志林场总面积的22.4%。其中,最适宜生境面积128 km~2,占9.8%;较适宜生境面积165 km~2,占12.6%;次适宜生境面积520 km~2,占39.8%;不适宜生境面积494 km~2,占37.8%。(3)在考虑人为干扰的情况下,貂熊的适宜生境面积减少到254 km~2,约占林场总面积的19.4%。同潜在生境相比,最适宜生境面积由128 km~2减少到114 km~2,减少了10.9%;较适宜生境面积由165 km~2减少到140 km~2,减少了15.2%;次适宜生境面积由520 km~2减少到404 km~2,减少了22.3%;不适宜生境面积由494 km~2增加到649 km~2,增加了31.4%,表明人为干扰使貂熊的优质生境急剧减少,大部分转化为不适宜生境。(4)为有效保护貂熊种群资源,野生动物管理部门应科学管理林区内的采集和采薪活动,以将对貂熊的不利影响减到最小,避免优质生境由于人为的干扰而的继续丧失;当地林业部门应重视野生动物资源管理,恢复当地的大型动物如驼鹿、马鹿等猎物的种群数量,提高生物多样性,改善貂熊的生存环境,并要严格法制管理,坚决彻底打击偷猎盗猎行为;野生动物管理部门应重视大兴安岭地区生境破碎化的状况,减少道路和居民区等对貂熊种群的分割作用,保持貂熊貂熊生境的完整性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The wolverine(Gulo gulo) has been listed in the directory of the first class protection animal in China.Wolverine was a typical representative species of conifer stands in boreal area, and distributed throughout the northern hemisphere within the boreal zones of circumpolar. The distribution area of wolverine was small,and the wild wolverine population is less than 200 which starves for conservation.Measurements should be focused on study and conservation on the habitat of wolverine and their biological habits.This dissertation has carried out assessment on wolverine habitat in Zhuangzhi Forest Farm based on GIS technology.This research has taken the Great Khingan Mountains area Zhuangzhi Forest Farm as study area,where wolverine distributes.According to the research of former scholars and field sampling survey result,making quantitatively analysis to wolverine’s habitat selection,the factors which influence wolverine habitat selection are identified.Digital elevation model(DEM) is established by using topographic maps on the scale of 1:50000.The wolverine habitat is evaluated,and the protecting approaches and strategies of wolverine are also discussed.The principal component analysis of 421 sample sites indicated that the cumulative contribution of the first 6 principal components reached to 85.0%,and these factors could represent the main information of 11 factors.The results show that Wolverine prefer to use habitat on sharp east and north slopes with mixed broadleaf-conifer forest,moderate canopy, high arbor quantity,deep snow depth,and far away from railway、road and residential area.The wolverine’s habitat database which including elevation,slope,waterhead,vegetation and human activities was built by ArcGIS9.2 to evaluate the habitat suitability for Wolverine.It is found that,with no human activities being considered,239 km~2(22.4%) of the total area is suitable for Wolverine to live,while unsuitable area is 494 km~2(37.8%).However,with human activities being considered,the most suitable area decreased by 10.9%,the moderately suitable area decreased by 15.2%,the marginally suitable area decreased by 22.3%,and the unsuitable area increased by 31.4%.It showed that residential area and railway has big influence on the habitat of the Wolverine.更多还原