【作者】 薛薇；

【导师】 常金华；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 高粱是世界第五大粮食作物,也是重要的饲料作物和能源作物。蚜虫是危害高粱生产的重要害虫,同时也危害其他作物,直接或间接的给高粱等作物的生产带来巨大损失。实践证明,选育和利用抗性品种是控制作物病虫害最为经济有效的途径。在选育抗性品种的过程中,利用与抗蚜性状连锁的分子标记,进行分子标记辅助选择,既能缩短育种年限,又能减少繁重的工作量,达到提高育种效率的目的。对高粱及其他广受蚜科害虫危害的农作物、园艺作物等都有十分重要的理论和现实意义。本研究利用优质高抗蚜品种“河农16”与感蚜材料“千三”组配的杂交种及其F2群体、BC1群体、F2:3家系为材料,研究高粱抗蚜遗传特点。利用SSR标记技术,通过千三和河农16杂交获得的F2群体,加密已构建的高粱AFLP遗传连锁图谱。并对高粱抗蚜基因进行定位,将与抗蚜基因紧密连锁的AFLP标记转化为操作简便、表现稳定的SCAR标记。同时,利用SCAR标记和AFLP标记对高粱的不同分离群体进行分子标记辅助选择,为之后利用分子标记辅助选择技术进行高粱抗蚜育种提供理论依据。1.利用感蚜高粱品种“千三”与抗蚜品种“河农16”杂交获得的100个F2单株为作图群体,利用SSR标记和已构建的AFLP连锁图谱,经Mapmaker/EXP3.0软件处理,构建了包含13个连锁群,9个SSR标记,109个AFLP标记的连锁图谱。该图谱覆盖全基因组991 cM,两个标记间平均图距为8.39 cM。2.对抗蚜基因进行定位,找到两个与抗蚜基因紧密连锁的AFLP标记—E61/M54-475和E61/M50-390,抗蚜基因与这两个标记的遗传距离是分别是6cM和10cM。同时将E61/M50-390标记转化为操作简便、表现稳定的SCAR标记,将该标记命名为SCA50。3.利用SCA50标记对高粱的F2群体、BC1群体、F2:3家系进行分子标记辅助选择,SCA50在BC1群体中的选择效率为86.8 %、F2群体选择效率为91.1 %、F2:3家系选择效率为86.7 %,平均选择效率为88.2 %,已经达到了很高的选择效率。利用AFLP标记对F2群体进行鉴定:E61/M54-475的选择效率为87.7 %,E61/M50-390的选择效率为89.7 %。经E61/M54-475和SCA50双标记选择,选择效率达到了95.9%,比单一标记的选择效率明显提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sorghum is one of the most important forage and energy crop, ranking fifth in acreage among the cereals in the world. The sorghum aphid is a key pest to sorghum and other cereals,causing great losses directly and indirectly. Practice shows that resistance breeding and its use are the most effective and economical method. In the process of resistance breeding, it can shorten the breeding period and reduce the heavy workload,finally achieve the aim of improvement in the breeding efficiency,if the molecular markers linked to traits about anti-aphid can be used in molecular marker-assisted selection breeding.It will be important meaning to sorghum and the other crops which damaged seriously by aphid theoretically and practically.This experiment studied the inheritance of the resistance to sorghum aphid with the F2、BC1、F2:3 population of the cross between QS and HN16 and defined the AFLP genetic linkage map of sorghum which had been built used the F2 population with the SSR markers, also located the aphid resistance gene. At the same time,the AFLP marker most tightly linked to the resistance gene was transformed into stable performance and easily operated SCAR marker. The SCAR markers and AFLP markers were used to detect different separation groups. That provided a theoretical basis for the use of molecular marker-assisted selection technology to sorghum aphid resistance breeding .1. A molecular genetic map for sorghum was constructed based on AFLPs (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers and SSR markers using DNA samples extracted from 100 F2 popμlation which derived from the cross between QS and HN16.The high dense linkage map constructed by Mapmaker3.0 software,which consisted of 13 linkage groups,9 SSR markers and 109 AFLP markers. It covered 991 cM of sorghum genome, with the average interval of 8.39 cM.2. Locating the aphid resistance gene. Two AFLP markers most tightly linked to the resistant gene were E61/M4-475 and E61/M50-390.They were identified on linkage group 1,with the estimated genetic distance of 6 cM and 10 cM. Then transforming E61/M50-390 into stable and easier SCAR marker,named SCA50.3. SCA50 marker was used to detect the F2、BC1、F2:3 population. The selective efficiency of BC1 population is 86.8 %, F2 populations’is 91.1 % and F2:3 populations’is 86.3 %,the average is 88.2 %, that had reached a high selective efficiency. AFLP markers were used to detect the F2 population. The selective efficiency of E61/M54-475 is 87.7 %, E61/M50-390’is 89.7 %. E61/M54-475 and SCA50 were used to select together, the selective efficiency achieved to 95.9 %, the efficiency is obviously higher than one marker.更多还原