【作者】 马杰；

【导师】 马文奇；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 磷是作物生长发育的必需营养元素之一,植酸磷作为磷的一种形态主要储存在籽粒中,一般占种子总磷的60-80%。单胃动物由于缺乏分解植酸磷的酶而不能有效吸收利用植酸磷,这部分磷以粪尿的形式排出体外,利用不当会造成严重的粪磷污染。玉米作为最重要的饲料作物,降低玉米籽粒中植酸磷浓度对减少粪磷污染有重要意义。目前研究以低植酸突变体居多,本文通过田间试验,探讨了磷肥施用对不同基因型玉米籽粒植酸磷积累的影响,分析了玉米生长期间磷素分配、转移与植酸磷积累的关系,以期为降低玉米籽粒植酸磷浓度提供依据。主要结果如下:1. 8个自交系和16个杂交种的结果可以看出,除自交系的穗位叶和籽粒之外,玉米各营养器官磷素分配与籽粒植酸磷浓度及积累量均存在基因型差异。自交系齐319植酸磷浓度低,无机磷浓度最高,总磷浓度低;16个生产中常用杂交种没有表现极端的高植酸磷和低植酸磷类型,但郑单958和浚单20相对植酸磷浓度低。2.供磷水平对玉米自交系和杂交种不同部位的磷浓度与积累量有影响,随供磷水平的增加,各部位磷素浓度和积累量增加,存在明显的基因型差异。施磷还影响各器官的磷向籽粒中的转移率,随着施磷肥水平的增加,金海5号和浚单20的根、雄穗、穗轴等部位的磷转移率降低。3.生育期间磷素分配浓度及积累量与完熟期籽粒植酸磷积累量有一定关系,其相关性与生育期和部位有关,表现为后期各部位磷积累量与籽粒植酸磷积累量的相关性要好于前期,各部位磷积累量与籽粒植酸磷积累量的相关性要好于各部位的磷浓度。4.收获期不同基因型玉米各部位磷浓度与籽粒植酸磷浓度存在相关关系,其中上部叶、下部叶、苞叶、雄穗、穗轴、籽粒均达到显著水平(p<0.05);各部位磷积累量与籽粒植酸磷积累量存在相关关系,其中茎秆、上部叶、下部叶、苞叶、雄穗、穗轴、籽粒均达到显著水平(p<0.05)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential nutrient elements for crop growth. Phytic acid P is the primary storage form of P in cereal grain and it accounts for 60-80% of total P in the seeds. Phytic acid P is indigestible for non-ruminant livestocks, it would expel with the excrement and result in serious P-pollution due to lack of phytase. The maize qua, as one important component of the feed stuff, could reduce the phytic acid P content which is significant to decrease the P pollution. Most of the latest studies focus on the low-phytic-acid mutants. Based on the field experiments, this paper analyzes the static and dynamic changes of accumulation of phytic acid P. Effect of P levels on corn grain of different genotypes of phytic acid P accumulation is also conduted in this case study..In addition, this article analyzes the relationship between P distribution、transition and accumulation as well. This paper mainly decreases the seed of phytic acid P content in maize,providing a basis. The results are showed as following:1. The results of testing of 8 inbred lines and 16 hybrid seeds showed that they had significant differences in inbred lines and hybrid seeds of P content and accumulation between other vegetative organ and seeds. But there is no obvious difference between leaves and seed of inbred lines. Qi-319 is low phytic acid P.The content of inorganics is high and the content of P is low.The content of 16 hybrid seeds is not appeared in high P and low-P types. The content of phytic acid P accumulation in Zhengdan958 and Xundan20 is low.2. Fertilization levels of P had significant effects on phytic acid P content and accumulation. With increase of the level of P supply, it reduces the P content and accumulation. There were significant differences in genotypes. P fertilization also had impact on seeds of P metastasis ratio that from vegetative organs. With increase of P level, metastasis ratio of P in roots, tassels, cobs and other parts decrease in Jinhai 5 and Xundan 20.3. The correlation between P distribution in growing period and Phytic acid P content and accumulation in mature seeds was influenced by the growth period and the parts of maize. The correlation is better in the latter than at the early stage. Parts of P accumulation and Phytic acid P content of grain is better than P content.4. The correlation analysis of phytic acid P content and accumulation in different parts of maize genotypes in harvest. There were significant differences in inbred lines and hybrid seeds of P content and phytic acid P accumulation in leaves, tassel, cob and seed(p<0.05). There were also significant differences in inbred lines and hybrid seeds of P accumulation and phytic acid P accumulation in stem, leaves, tassel, cob and seed(p<0.05).更多还原