【作者】 刘殿君；

【导师】 姚云峰；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 防护林在涵养水源、保持水土、防风固沙、维护生态平衡、减少自然灾害、保障和促进工农业生产的发展以及为人类创造良好生存环境等方面具有重要的意义。本文以赤峰市敖汉旗牛古吐乡大五家小流域内的人工防护林为研究对象,以健康的森林生态系统为目标,以防护林体系对位配置理论为指导,进行防护林的空间对位配置研究。结果表明:(1)在对大五家小流域各样地林分、土壤、林下植被等综合调查的基础上,运用数量化模型III主成分分析法,综合分析小流域立地因子与林地生长之间的关系,将小流域划分为三个立地类型组和八个立地类型;(2)运用层次分析法确定小流域防护林林种的合理比例为:防风固沙林28.13%,农田牧场防护林25.88%、水源涵养林14.26%、水土保持林13.75%、护路林10.14%、护岸林7.83%,全面分析能够反应各林种防护功能的因子和林种之间的关系,判断并选择出了防护功能较强的小叶杨+柠条、油松+沙棘等混交林以及柠条等纯林;(3)依照小流域防护林的对位配置原则和防护目标,在不同的立地条件类型下,从整地、树种选择、株行距、混交方式等方面对小流域防护林进行了对位配置,设计了油松+沙棘、小叶杨+柠条、华北落叶松+柠条三个混交造林类型和油松、小叶杨、柠条、沙棘四个纯林造林模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Protective forest function are including of storage water, soil and water conservation, storm protection and sand-binding, keeping ecological balance, reducing natural disaster and safeguard and promotion industrial and agricultural production. Protective forest has an important meaning for high quality environment to human. According to the goal of healthful forest ecosystems and the direction theory of structure disposition optimumazation of protection forest system, the research is based on the analysis of actualities of protective forest in Dawujia Small Watershed in Ao HanQI of Chifeng. The results indicated that:(1)Based on the comprehensive survey of forest, soil, understory vegetation, ect. 3 group of site type and 8 site types are classified based on the comprehensive analysis the relationship between forest growth and site factors in small watershed by the principal component analysis.(2)After the forest types optimization by AHP method, wind shelter and sand fixation forest,farmland and ranch shelterbelts , water conservation forests, soil and water conservation forest, revetment forests and protective belt along a road account for 28.13%, 25.88%, 14.26%, 13.75%,10.14 and 7.83% respectively. Comprehensive analysis the relationship between forest types and factors which can be able to respond protective functions. Screening some stronger tree species of protective functions such as the mixed forest of Populus simonii Carr and Caragana microphylla, the mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr and Hippophae rhamnoides L and pure forest of Caragana microphylla.(3)According to the principles of structure disposition optimumazation and protective goals of protection forest in small watershed, designed the mixed forest of Populus simonii Carr and Caragana microphylla, the mixed forest of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr and Hippophae rhamnoides L and the mixed forest of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr and Caragana microphylla and four types pure forest include Pinus tabulaeformis Carr, Populus simonii Carr, Caragana microphylla and Hippophae rhamnoides L from site preparation, tree species selection, spacing in the rows, mixed mode under the different types of site conditions.更多还原