【作者】 王丽娜；

【导师】 包爱芹；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 南京国民政府时期是我国警察教育发展的重要阶段。这一时期,南京国民政府建立了较为完备的警察教育制度,警察教育在政策制定、教育的层次和种类、课程设置、师资选聘等诸多方面进行了有益的探索与尝试,促进了中国近代警察教育的发展。近代意义上的警察教育在清末开始形成雏形,到民国初年已经有了一定的发展,在此基础上,到南京国民政府时期,警察教育有了进一步的发展,大致可以分为高级警察教育、中级警察教育、初级警察教育三个层次。就南京国民政府时期的高级警察教育而言,它大致可以分为高级警察养成教育和高级警察培训教育两个方面。该时期的高级警察教育在资金投入方面较之以往明显增多;坚持养成教育与在职警官培训教育相结合;警察教育的知识结构体系也较为完善,较之先前具有很大的进步性。但因诸多原因也存在一些不足之处。就南京国民政府时期的中级警察教育而言,中央警官学校成立之前的中级警察教育是由各省市的警官学校兴办的,在此过程中内政部对其进行了相关的政策指导,但各省市在具体的实施过程中表现出较大差异。而其中办理尤为出色的是浙江警官学校,该校无论在办学规模,还是办学水平等方面都成绩斐然,堪称中级警察教育中的一枝奇葩。中央警官学校成立后,中级警察教育权收归了中央警官学校,各省市仅有办理中级警察培训教育的权利,而实际上中央警官学校无论在该层次的警官养成教育方面还是警官培训教育方面都取得了较大成就,培训教育中的警官训练班、复员军官转警培训等最为典型。就南京国民政府时期的初级警察教育而言。在政策方面,抗战前,1935年的《警士警长教育规程》明确扩大了在各地推行警士教育的范围;提出了警士和警长应该施以不同的教育,并区别了各自的教育标准和教育内容;细分了警士和警长教育的种类。具有重要意义。抗战期间警察教育政策在注重警察类知识讲授的同时,更带上了浓郁的战时军事色彩。而在抗战后,一方面施行了警员教育、另一方面,内政部着力于长警素质的提高,对原有的警长警士教育的相关内容进行了修订。在实施方面,无论是学警教育、警长养成教育、警士警长常年教育都取得了一定的成绩,但是该层次的警察教育在资格、课程、待遇等方面都存在了一系列问题。南京国民政府时期出现了繁多的特殊警察,特殊警察教育的种类也因此得到发展。单就女警教育和外事警察教育而言,特定的条件促使它们在当时受到了较高的重视,也得到了一些政策的指导,并得到一定的实施,这展现了南京国民政府在推动特殊警察教育方面所做的努力,也对特殊警务的办理起了重大的推动作用。总体来看,在特定的历史条件下,南京国民政府时期的警察教育具有自身的特点,诸如重视警察教育立法,警察教育带有政治色彩,层次性与系统性密切结合等。同时,这一时期的警察教育在培养警察人才、推动警察教育近代化、推动特殊警察教育专业化等方面取得了不小的成就,但因为缺乏和平发展的环境以及统治者自身的局限,也存在一些不足,主要表现为警察教育的发展受到经费牵制、警察教育政策难以落实、过于浓厚的思想政治与军事色彩干扰了警察教育的健康发展等等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The period of the Nanjing national government is an important one for the police education of our country. During this period, the Nanjing national government set up a more comprehensive education system. There had been a beneficial exploration and try about the police education on policy formulation, the level and types, the curriculum, teacher hiring, and many other aspects. All these promoted the modern police education of China.Modern police education formed in late Qing Dynasty and developted in the early Republic of China. During the Nanjing national government, the police education had been further developed on the base of the fomer one and was divided into three levels, as the advanced police education, the intermediate police education, and the primary police education.The advaced police education included the cultivative advanced police enducation and the advanced police training two aspects. The advaced police education was very progressive. as it increased the capital investment in this period than in the past; it combineded the two kinds education, and it had a more perfect knowledge system and so on. But there were still some shortcomings for many reasons.Before the establishment of the Central Police Academy, the intermediate police education of the Nanjing national government was started by the provinces and cities, In this process, the ministry of the interior shew the guidance, but the implementation shew great differences, and the excellent one was Zhejiang Police Academy which achieved great success on school level and size. The intermediate police education rights was carried out by the Central Police Academy and it made great achievements, especially on the class of police training and police came from demobilization of officers.There were many types of special polices during the period of the Nanjing national government, and the education of special polices also developted. On the education of femal police and the foreign affairs police, the specific conditions enabled them to be taken seriously and had also been a number of policy guidance, which shew the efforts on special police education of the Nanjing national government. This also played a major role in promoting the special police cause. The regulation of 1935 about the primary police education expaned the scope of the education. It pointed that the primary police and sergeant shuod be subjected to different educations, and there shoud be difference between the two educational standards and contents. It also brokedown the two kinds of educations. All of these were of great significance. During the war of resistance against Japan, the police education policy not only paid attention to knowledge of police, but also got rich colors of the wartime military. After the war, on the one hand, the primary police education expanded, on the other hand, in order to enhance the quality of primary police education, the content of the regulation was revised.Overall, in specific historical conditions, the police education during this period showed such characteristics as it’s paying much attention to police education regulations, it’s with a political nature, it’s with levels and systemic closely linked. The police education had made a big achievement in training police personnel, promoting the modernization of the police education, and promoting the education of the special police towards specialization, but as the lack of a peaceful environment and the limitationsof the government itself. there were many shorttagess,.such as the development of police education was hampered,and the strong political and military color of the police education interfered its healthy development, and so on.更多还原