【作者】 刘硕；

【导师】 贾艾晨；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 结构工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 可视化技术在国民经济各个领域中有着广泛的应用价值和广阔的应用前景。可视化技术在洪水风险图中的应用,能够为决策者提供有效的决策信息。目前洪水风险图的编制在我国起步不久,采用可视化技术来表达洪水风险信息的研究尚处于发展阶段。本文在吸取了计算机图形学、地理信息系统等领域大量先进理论成果的基础上,对于洪水风险图编制中逃生路线的选择以及流域地形的可视化显示做了研究工作。使决策者可以直观地了解各种频率下洪水的淹没范围及相应的避险方案,能够正确地做出避险决策,具有实际的应用价值。论文介绍了目前国内外在洪灾损失评估方面的研究情况。给出了淹没范围的显示与计算方法。同时根据洪水的淹没范围等相关因素设计淹没区逃生路线。本论文应用“点线结合型”方法分析避难逃生路径。结合分析淹没区域的淹没范围、淹没水深以及洪水的到达时间确定撤离方向。运用了最短路径的计算法则和Dijkstra算法,对路网分析筛选,采用半理论、半经验的路权函数计算迁移路权,划分避难逃生单元,选取避难场所,分析设计最佳避难逃生路线,并在Acrgis9.0下绘制淹没区域的逃生路线,显示出在洪水来临前期,受灾区人口、牲畜和可移动财产安全转移路线,为风险图编制的进一步完善奠定了基础,为决策者提供有效的抗险救灾依据。本文系统地应用了基于opneGL的三维地形可视化实现的相关理论、技术和算法,具体包括opneGL的工作原理及相关技术、改进的离散数据网格化算法、三维地形模型的构建技术、真实感图形的实现理论、坐标的查询技术以及人机交互的实现技术,以windows xp系统和Visual C++6.0为平台,开发了三维地形可视化系统。该系统能够接受TXT格式的离散数据并进行预处理,实现线框、不同设色、光照、纹理映射等不同模式的三维地形可视化,能够显示不同频率洪水的淹没范围,并根据淹没范围计算淹没面积,为洪水风险图提供更多信息。本课题具有较重要的理论和实践意义。在理论上,对改进的离散数据网格化算法、三维地形建模、坐标查询等三维地形可视化实现的相关技术进行了分析研究;同时将Dijkstra算法等数学算法应用于工程领域。在实践上,构建了一个数字化、可视化的三维地形和逃生路线图,为风险分析提供了一个科学有效、简便直观的可视化分析途径,为风险决策分析提供方便。本文的工作是辽河左岸典型河段洪水风险图编制研究项目的一部分,该项目获得辽宁省科技进步二等奖。更多还原

【Abstract】 Visualization technology in various fields of the national economy has a broad application of the value and broad application prospects.Visualization technology in flood hazard mapping for the application of decision-makers can provide effective information for decision-making.At present,the preparation of flood hazard mapping in the near future in our country started using visualization technology to express the flood risk information is still in the research stage of development.In this paper,drawing on computer graphics,geographic information systems in areas such as the results of a large number of advanced theories,based on the flood risk maps for the establishment of the choice of escape routes and the topography of the visual display to do the research.Decision-makers can understand intuitively the submerged flood frequency range and the corresponding hedging program to hedge the right to make decision-making,with practical application value.This paper introduces the current losses caused by floods at home and abroad in research assessment.Give the scope of the show flooded calculation.At the same time,in accordance with the scope of the flood inundation of the relevant factors,such as design escape routes flood zone.In this paper,the application of "combination of points and lines," Analyse the refuge and evacuation route.Combine and analyse of the scope of flood inundation areas, flood water depth and time of arrival of the flood to determine the direction of withdrawal. Use of rules for calculating the shortest path algorithm and Dijkstra,road net analysis of screening,using a semi-theoretical,semi-empirical calculation of weight function the way the right way migration,asylum escape cell division,select shelter analysis and design the best escape routes for asylum and drawing in Acrgis9.0 submerged in the region under the escape routes,showing that the early arrival of the flood affected population,livestock and the safe transfer of movable property line,the preparation of risk maps for the further improvement of the basis for policy-makers to provide an effective anti-relief based on risk.In this paper,the systematic application of opneGL based on three-dimensional terrain visualization to achieve the relevant theory,techniques and algorithms,including the working principle opneGL and related technologies,improved data grid of discrete algorithms, three-dimensional terrain model of technology,realistic the realization of graphics theory, technology,and coordinates the query of the realization of human-computer interaction technology to windows xp system and Visual C++6.0 as a platform to develop a three-dimensional terrain visualization system.The system can accept discrete data TXT format and pre-processing,to achieve wire-flame,different colors,light,texture mapping, such as different modes of three-dimensional terrain visualization,display a different range of the frequency of flood inundation,flood risk maps for the provision of more information.This paper has important issue with theoretical and practical significance.In theory district,the discrete data to improve the grid algorithm,three-dimensional terrain modeling, three-dimensional coordinates of inquiries,such as terrain visualization technologies to achieve an analysis of relevant research;at the same time,mathematical algorithms such as Dijkstra algorithm used in engineering.In practice district,to build a digital, three-dimensional visualization of escape terrain and road map for the risk analysis provides a scientific and effective,simple,intuitive means of visual analysis,in order to facilitate risk analysis in decision-making.This article is typical on the left bank of the Liaohe River flood hazard mapping as part of research projects,the project in Liaoning Province was the second rank reword of scientific and technological progress.更多还原