【作者】 刘剑；

【导师】 吕春成；

【作者基本信息】 山西财经大学 ， 国际贸易， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 对外贸易对于发展中国家的产业和经济的发展具有重大影响,因而贸易发展战略的选择就成为一个十分重要的问题。长期以来,国内外围绕贸易战略的争论主要集中在进口替代战略和出口导向战孰优孰劣上,既有国际贸易和发展经济学上的理论争论,也有许多不同的经验分析。尤其在“亚洲四小龙”成功的采用出口替代型战略后,许多学者更加偏向于出口替代型战略的使用。而中国作为发展中的大国,是否也同样适合这样的战略?或者适合中国这样的发展中大国的贸易战略到底是什么?发展中大国经济发展的实践迫切需要对这些问题做出令人满意的回答。本文将借鉴部分发达国家以及发展中国家过去所实行的贸易战略,考察过去二十多年中国贸易发展战略的变化,研究中国经济自身的特点以及加入世界贸易组织后给定的新条件,在此基础上论述了我国在贸易战略的选择取向上应当依据什么,对贸易战略作什么样的选择才能使中国的资源得到更有效的配置,更加有利的参与国际分工,使经济得益最大化。文章的具体安排为:第一部分阐述了进口替代贸易战略、出口替代贸易战略、混合型贸易战略和内撑外开型贸易战略的内涵及其主要政策,并对其实质进行了简要说明。第二部分从理论方面说明了贸易战略选择的一般原理,继而阐述了发展中大国贸易战略选择的特殊性,为下文中国的贸易战略选择做了铺垫。由于本文研究对象——贸易战略的抽象性,使得借鉴的作用必不可少,所以第三部分对美国、日本、巴西以及我国的贸易战略发展情况作了简要的述评以求借鉴。第四部分是本文的最主要部分。在此,提出了我国应以竞争优势作为贸易战略取向选择的重要参考.论述了国际贸易中固有的利益冲突、经济全球化的不断深入和发展、我国要实现经济赶超的目标以及中国作为大国经济情况的多样性,这四个方面的原因决定了我国应该将竞争优势作为贸易战略的出发点。最后提出了以竞争优势为指导,培育我国的整体竞争优势的一些措施:大力发展高新技术产业,促进产业结构升级;继续扩大国内需求,促进国内竞争;深化体制改革,全面提高我国生产要素的整体素质;抓住WTO机遇,切实转变政府职能;建立统一开放、公平竞争的国内市场;利用“产业集聚”原理培育我国对外贸易的新增长点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The foreign trade has a significant influence to the industrial and economical development of developing nation,thus the choice of trade developmental strategy becomes an extremely important question.Since long ago,the argument of domestic and foreign scholars about the trade strategy mainly concentrates on which is good and which is bad between the import substitution strategy and the export guidance strategy.It includes the theoretical argument of the international trade and the developing economics,it also includes many different experiences analysis.After "the Asian four dragons" adpoted export substitution strategy successfully,scholars prefer to use the exportation vicarious strategy.But as a great developing nation whether China can take such strategy? Or which trade strategy suits China? The practice of the economy development in the great developing nation urgently requires to make a satisfying reply.This article will consult the trade strategy of partial developed countries and developing countries,review the changes of Chinese trade developmental strategy in the past more than 20 years and study characteristic of Chinese own economy,as well as the new condition which the WTO assigned,then elaborate the basis of trade strategy choice orientation in our country and how to make the choice to install the resources effectively,how to participate international division of labor advantageously,to make the maximization economic benefits.The concrete structure of the article is:The first part elaborates the connotation and main policy of the import substitution trade strategy,the export substitution trade strategy,the mixed type trade strategy and the Opening to the Outside with Support Inside trade strategy,and expatiates its essence.The second part explains the general principle of trade strategy choice,subsequently,elaborates the particularity of trade strategy choice in the great developing nation,which educes the following content.Because the trade strategy is abstractive,it makes the reference necessary.The third part comments on the development situation of trade strategy in American,Japanese,Brazilian and our country.The fourth part is the main part in this article.In this,it puts forward that our country should take the competitive advantage as the important reference of the trade strategy orientation choice and proposes the inherent interest conflicts in the international trade and the goal of our country to surpass the development country,etc.These four aspects had decided our country should take the competitive advantage as the starting point of trade strategy.Finally this article proposes some measures which we should take the competitive advantage as the instruction and cultivate our country’s whole competitive advantage.Such as,developing the high technology and new technology industry energetically,promoting industrial structure promotion;continuing to expand the domestic demand,promoting domestic competition;deepening organizational reform,enhancing comprehensively the overall quality of production element in our country;holding the WTO opportunity,practically transforming the government function;establishing a open and fair domestic market;using the theory of" the industry gathering "to cultivate the new point of growth of our country’s foreign trade.更多还原