【作者】 蔡文丽；

【导师】 杨军；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 在体育教学过程中,我们发现学生对运动技能的学习存在一些问题。例如,同一个班级中相同运动基础的学生,由教学能力相当的教师在相同的环境中进行同一项运动技能的教学,学生对技能掌握的速度却有快有慢,学习效果有好有坏,学习成绩有高有低;在学习某一技术动作时,有些学生多次重复错误动作;课堂教学中所传授知识技能遗忘程度高,不知道保持的方法;教师教授的知识技能理解吸收以及新学知识与以往经验相结合的能力较差;在学习中没有长期或短期目标等等。在影响学习的因素中,除了学生的智力水平、原有的知识基础、对学习的期望和态度、现有的学习条件和环境等众多因素外,还有“学习方法的掌握和灵活运用”这一重要的学习变量,即学习策略。帮助学生学会学习,提高学生的学习效率,一直是人们关注的问题。而学会学习是通过掌握和有效使用学习策略来实现的。学习策略是衡量个体学习能力的重要尺度,是制约学习效果的重要因素之一,是进行有效学习的工具,是学习能力的重要组成部分。按照教学实验要求,采用单因素两水平实验方法,对河南大学体育学院2007级、2008级体育教育专业大学生分别进行为期20学时的教学实验。实验前,进行素质、技能及学习策略水平测试,实验后进行技能及学习策略测试,实验结束后一段时间进行保持测试。实验结果表明,运动技能教学过程中对学生进行学习策略指导可以发展学生学习能力,提高学生学习策略水平,提高运动技能的学习质量与效率,对已学运动技能的保持效果较好;学生对观察法、表象练习法、语言法等学习方法范畴的学习策略掌握较快,运用效果较好,针对学习过程进行调节与控制的调节性策略提高较为明显,对元认知知识等学习策略的掌握还需要更长的时间;研究学生学习策略可以促进教师的教学,更新教学观念和教学方法,进一步发展、丰富和完善学习理论,为体育教学领域中其他技术项目的学习策略研究提供借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the course of sports teaching, students usually have some problems in motor skill learning. "For example, students with the same level in the same class can not master the skill at the same speed, their learning results may be different and some students’ grades may be higher than others’, although they have teachers with equal teaching skills coaching them the same motor skill in the same environment. When learning a certain skill, some students may make the same mistake repeatedly ,easily forget the knowledge and skill taught in class and do not know the way to preserve. They have poor abilities to understand and absorb the knowledge and skill taught by their teachers, and to associate the knowledge with their experience. They have neither long-term nor short-term learning goals.Among the factors that affect their studies, there exists the important learning variable, that is, learning strategies---"How to master and freely use learning methods", in addition to their different intelligence levels, original knowledge foundation, expectation and learning attitudes, and study conditions and environment. To help students learn how to learn and improve their learning efficiency is what people are paying much attention to. It can be realized only by mastering and practicing the learning strategies efficiently. Learning strategy is an important scale to measure one’s learning ability, one of the factors to restrict learning results, a means of learning efficiently and important part of learning ability.According to the teaching experiment requirement, a single factor-double level method was used to teach the students specialized in sports in 2007 and 2008 grades of the Sports College of Henan University for 20 teaching periods. Before the experiment the students’ quality, skill and learning strategy were tested, after the experiment, their skill and learning strategy, and some time later, their ability of preservation.The result from the experiment suggests that in the course of motor skill teaching, directions on students’ learning strategy developed students’ learning ability, improved their learning strategy and raised their learning quality and efficiency, and they could preserve well the motor skills they had learned. Students learned and mastered the learning methods quickly, such as observation method, idea- practicing method, and linguistic method, and used them efficiently. Their restrictive ability to control and regulate the learning course was much improved. Yet there is a long way to go before the students can master the learning strategy on how to deal with their original knowledge. Researches on students’ learning strategy can improve teachers’ teaching methods, update their teaching theories and methods, further develop, enrich and perfect teaching theories, and provide reference for studies on learning strategies of other motor skills in the sports teaching field.更多还原