【作者】 刘丽华；

【导师】 李俊江；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 由于我国与发达国家在技术水平上仍然存在较大的差距,发达国家制定的技术标准和法规等往往会成为限制我国出口的壁垒。作为我国食品出口的重要组成部分,动物源性食品的出口受到发达国家贸易技术壁垒的影响愈加明显。本文的研究目的是在了解动物源性食品的特点和发达国家贸易技术壁垒体系的基础上,分析发达国家技术壁垒对我国动物源性食品出口的影响,并研究造成这一现象的原因。通过统计分析和案例分析,认为发达国家的贸易技术壁垒体系对于中国的动物源性食品的出口有极大的消极影响。这就要求我国政府和企业主动提高技术水平、加强监管,从而实现对发达国家贸易技术壁垒的跨越。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the process of the world economic integration, technical barriers to trade have become the important tool to influence international trade instead of the tariffs and other non-tariff barriers. It acts sharp especially when the trade happens between the developed and developing countries. The developed countries rely on the high technical level of their own and constantly improve the standards of the products to enter the market, within the scope of the rules made by the World Trade Organization. As a result, domestic customers’ requirements for the high standards of product are met, but the high standard becomes a barrier to the products of the developing countries. The developed countries could maintain the edge by the technical innovation and the complete system of the technical barriers to trade.Animal derived food has been occupying an important position in the people’s diet. However, it was involved in scandals again and again, such as mad cow disease and avian influenza. People are anxious about food safety. China, the world’s animal derived food exporter, its products exported to the developed countries always to be prohibited from import or be destroyed locally, when subjected to technical barriers to trade. These have significant impact on the Chinese export food. How to get across the system of technical barriers to trade and promote the export of Chinese food has become a great challenge, which the government and enterprises have to meet.The first part of the main body in the paper is the theoretical analysis of the technical barriers to trade. At the beginning, the concept of technical barriers to trade was clarified, and it contains two points. One is its existence must have a proper excuse, and the other is it create barriers to trade. The technical barriers have some characters that are different from the tariff and the other non-tariff barriers, such as the reasonable on the surface, the hidden nature of the protection, the significant spillover effects and the discriminatory. The performances of the technical barriers to trade have four types. Technical standard and regulations, conformity assessment procedures, packages and labels and so on. The mechanism of the technical barriers to trade influences the trade by the quantity control mechanism in the short term, while by the price mechanism in the long term. And under certain conditions, "quantity control and price control" cycle control mechanism will be formed. For the analysis of economic effects, I used the partial equilibrium analysis. And the conclusion is short-term effects are significant, but the long-term ones depend on the comparison of increase in the cost and the demand. Finally I summarized and analyzed the barriers that influence the animal derived food export of the TBT system among EU, USA and Japan.In the second part, the definition of the animal derived food is clarified and I summarized the problems existing in the china’s animal derived food. There are two major factors. One are animal diseases, the other is drug residues and food additives. Also, there are lots of shortages in the management system of food safety, such as unsound system of laws and regulations, the confused management system. It is also an important factor for the food scandals.In the third part, first of all, I analyzed the influence that the developed countries made in the past several years, and compare EU, USA and Japan. The inspection and quarantine measures and technologies standards are used more often, especially the standards of drug residues and food additives. The technology gap existing between the developed countries and China is the root that causes the gap on the quality and the safety standard. Also, there are a series of economic and management reasons. Last, I took Chinese roast eel exports to Japan as a case, and analyzed the restrictive measures taken by Japan in the import process. The conclusion represents the measures, to a large extent, limited the China’s eel industry, and virtually, these restrictions are discriminatory.Last, I suggest the government, the industry associations and enterprises take some measures to react the problems and the influence made by the technical barriers. The government needs to establish a sound standard system and the laws and regulations system to regulate the domestic food production and marketing. An early warning and rapid response mechanism is necessary. The industry association must help enterprises improve the technology and give them some good policy advice based on the association’s advantages. The enterprises need to work hard to improve their own skills and promote the qualified certification actively to meet the quality standard for the export product. And for the enterprises of small-scale production should improve the capacity of market development to disperse the business and export risk.更多还原