【作者】 王晓丹；

【导师】 闵海涛；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 车辆工程， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 由于电动汽车车载动力电池能量有限,为了保证电动汽车足够的续驶里程,电动汽车所采用的空调系统必须具有较高的能效比,即在满足整车空调系统性能前提下尽可能减少空调系统能量消耗。论文结合吉林省科技发展计划项目“某纯电动客车的研究开发”,针对某型号纯电动客车空调系统设计与参数匹配开展了如下研究工作:在分析汽车周围环境扰量并收集相关气象资料的基础上,根据车体传热机理建立了计算汽车空调冷热负荷的数学模型。利用所得到的计算模型,结合样车车体结构参数,计算得到样车所需的冷热负荷值。通过研究比较各种电动汽车空调制冷制热解决方案优缺点和适宜条件,确定了采用单独制冷空调系统加装电暖风系统的实施方案。依据所确定的方案,先后进行了空调制冷系统电动压缩机驱动方式的选择,电动压缩机、换热器、节流膨胀阀等相关部件的选型等工作,详细介绍了驱动电机的调速控制系统及工作原理,最后,从满足空调使用要求和电动客车布置条件出发,给出了空调系统在整车上的布置方案。从汽车空调制冷原理出发,进行了空调制冷系统的参数匹配计算。首先,根据电动客车空调系统的使用条件,确定了系统运行工况和热力循环压焓图。通过引入空调系统热力循环计算模型,结合前面得到的制冷负荷值,计算得到了系统匹配参数,并分析了相关参数之间的关系。最后结合某公司压缩机和电机性能指标,确定了所选择的压缩机和驱动电机。在Matlab/Advisor环境下,构建了某设计样车的仿真模型,仿真分析了空调的使用对整车动力性和续驶里程的影响,仿真结果表明,一方面,由于空调系统所消耗的功率直接取自于蓄电池而非整车驱动电机,在蓄电池输出功率足够大的时候,空调的使用是不会对整车动力性产生影响的;另一方面,空调系统的使用会大大降低整车的续驶里程,但随着行驶工况不同,续驶里程降低的程度有所不同。更多还原

【Abstract】 Electric vehicle (EV) in use will not cause any pollution to the environment, really be able to achieve zero emission. At the same time, electric energy can come through various forms of energy, and in comparison with petrol, the cost of using electric energy is much lower, therefore, EV is a more satisfactory solution to change the dependence of the automobile on oil at present.Like the conventional vehicle, EV also need to provide a comfortable environment for the passengers, so air-conditioning system (ACS) is indispensable. However, because of the great energy consumption, ACS will become a heavy burden to the EV battery when it is working, The range of EV will be seriously affected. Thus developing energy-saving and efficient ACS has gradually become an important topic in the area of the new energy vehicles.Based on an electric bus (EB), this paper studies on the parameter matching and system design for the ACS of the EB. Since the air-conditioner compressor is driven by separate motor, the speed and power of the compressor can be regulated in accordance with the cooling load of the ACS. First, this paper calculates the air-conditioner cooling and heating load according to the EB structure parameters. then, on the basis of the load results, the paper matches the relevant parameters of the ACS and chooses the model of the system. through that process, the air-conditioner energy consumption will be reduced from the source, and it also provides a basis for the further study on the air-conditioning achieving energy consumption of on-demand under a proper control strategy.Firstly, the paper compares the ACS for EV with that for conventional vehicle. It presents the importance of optimizing and correctly matching the parameters of the ACS. On the basis of reading a large amount of literatures, this paper describes the research status of the ACS for EV at home and abroad.Secondly, through collecting the relevant meteorological data and analyzing a variety of environmental disturbance which affect cooling and heating load of the ACS, the paper makes clear the inside and outside ambient parameters for cooling and heating load calculation of the ACS. To the cooling load, the paper first discusses the difference between the heat gain and the cooling load, after builds the mathematical model of the cabin heat gain, the paper converts the heat gain to the cooling load by Z transfer function. To the heating load, the paper builds the model of space heating load and defrosting load. Then, using the above calculation model Combined with the vehicle body structure parameters, the paper calculats the cooling and heating load.Thirdly, the paper analyzes on the advantages and disadvantages of three air conditioning solution for EB such as heat pump air-conditioning, single refrigerant system and electric heating system. Then, it selects the solution of single refrigerant system equipped with electric heating system for the prototype vehicle, that will bring little change to the vehicle body and easy to realize. The paper confirms the driving mode of the air-conditioner compressor, makes a detailed analysis on the technical advantage of selecting the scroll compressor and the brushless DC motor, introduces the speed regulating system and the control principle of the driving motor. At the same time, it also chooses the types of the heat exchangers and the throttle expansion valve, gives the arrangement form of the ACS on the vehicle.Fourthly, starting from refrigeration principle of the air-conditioning, the paper confirms the running condition and the thermodynamic cycle of the system, based on the application conditions of the ACS for the EB. By introducing the Calculation Model of the air-conditioning thermodynamic cycle, combined with the anterior cooling load results, the paper calculates the parameters of the ACS and analyzing the relationship of the Related Parameters. At last, it confirms the selected compress and motor types according to some companys’ performance indexes.Finally, the paper constructs the simulation model of the prototype vehicle using Matlab/Advisor, analyzes the affection of the use of the air-conditioning to the power performance and the range of EB. The compress power involved in the simulation is obtained from the average cooling load of the design day, which reflects the power demand of the electric compress based on a speed regulating system. The results of the simulation show that on the one hand, whether the use of the air-conditioning has effect on the power performance or not is determined by output power of the Battery, it is for the reason that the input power of the air-conditioning comes from the battery but not from the vehicle driving motor. On the other hand, the use of the air-conditioning will greatly reduce the range of EB, the degree of the reduction varying with different driving cycle.更多还原