【作者】 李轩宇；

【导师】 周卫军；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 农业遥感与资源利用， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 光桥河小流域地处长江中下游的低山丘陵地带,近几年自然灾害频繁,生态环境脆弱,经济发展与生态环境矛盾突出。鉴于此,本文采用野外调查、遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)等方法,对光桥河小流域的土地利用/覆盖变化进行了较为全面的、系统的研究和探讨。旨在向政府提供比较可靠、准确的土地利用变化情况,从而指导人们正确开发利用自然资源,保护生态环境,实现土地可持续利用和社会经济的可持续发展。同时对土地利用/覆盖在小流域尺度上的研究做一定补充。首先根据实际情况和需要,建立了土地利用分类系统和遥感影像解译标志;然后再运用遥感和地理信息系统软件对1984年的地形图和2007年的遥感影像进行处理,分别得到两个时期的土地利用分类矢量图,以及土地利用数据库;接着利用MapGIS的空间分析功能,对土地利用数据进行统计以及空间分析,得到两个时段的土地利用变化图,生成1984-2007年土地利用变化转移表;最后从土地利用的数量变化、土地利用程度变化、土地利用类型变化动态度,对光桥河小流域的土地利用/覆盖变化进行了定性和定量分析。参照土地利用变化转移表明确了23年来光桥河小流域的各种土地利用类型之间变化的方向,分析了变化驱动因素。(1)从总体上看,流域内林地、其他农用地、居民点用地、水利用地、滩涂面积是增加,面积分别增加了7.5563km~2、0.7157km~2、0.5742km~2、0.0074km~2;耕地、园地、草地面积呈减少趋势,面积分别减少了5.5415km~2、1.183km~2、2.2276km~2。(2)从用地结构类型来看,各种土地类型之间均存在不同程度的相互转化。其中,由耕地、园地和草地转入林地的面积分别是4.7157km~2、0.7936km~2、2.2276km~2,草地的减少面积全部转为了林地;由耕地、园地、林地、其他农用地转入居民点用地的面积分别是0.3946km~2、0.1792km~2、0.0072km~2、0.0003km~2;由耕地、园地、林地转入其他农用地的面积分别是0.2412km~2、0.3032km~2、0.1747km~2;由耕地、居民点用地转为滩涂面积分别为0.0985km~2、0.0002km~2;河流水面无明显变化。(3)对光桥河小流域土地利用/覆盖变化的驱动机制进行分析,结果表明自然因素、人口因素和政策因素是该流域中的主要驱动因子。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Guangqiao River Catchment is situated at the low mountain-hill region of the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River.In recent years,the natural disaster presented frequently.Due to a friable ecological environment and a severe conflict between economic development and ecological environment,many environmental problems were happened.Therefore,a comprehensive study on its land use/cover change was conducted with the methods of field investigation,RS and GIS, in order to restore and control the ecological environment.As a result,some suggestions could be made for the government with reliable and accurate land use change situation,which can guide people to exploit natural resources reasonably, realizing land sustainable use and society sustainable development furthermore.Firstly,in the case,the system of land use/cover change(LUCC) classification and the Interpretation Marks of LUCC were founded.Secondly,with Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System software,the topographic map of 1984 and the image of 2007 were analyzed.The procedures are as follows:geometrically correct and merge the image data of the two-temporal,the land use classification vector map, and the spatial overlay function.Finally,the LUCC in the Guangqiao River Catchment are thoroughly analyzed through quantity change,use intensity change, and spatio-temporal change of land use.The LUCC was analyzed during 23-year,and the main type,direction of the land use change and the change’s mechanism were illustrated.(1) In general,in river basin,the area of woodland,other farmland,residential land,water-conservancy land,tidal-flat are added by7.5563km~2,0.7157km~2,0.5742 km~2,0.0074km~2,0.0987km~2 respectively,the area of cultivated land,garden-plot land, grassland present reduce trend,and the area decrease by 5.5415km~2,1.183km~2, 2.2276km~2 respectively.(2) Seeing from the structure of land,there were existed different changes among the kinds of land.The area reduced from the cultivated land,garden-plot land and grassland were added to the woodland were respectively 4.7157km~2,0.7936km~2, 2.2276km~2,in which,the area falling off in grassland almost added to the woodland; the residential land were increased by the change of cultivated land,garden-plot land, woodland and other farmland,the area which the land reduce were respectively 0.3946km2,0.1792km~2,0.0072km~2,0.0003km~2;the cultivated land,garden-plot land, woodland respectively interchanged area about 0.2412km~2,0.3032km~2,0.1747km~2 to other farmland;the area about 0.0985km~2,0.0002km~2 change from cultivated land and residential land to tidal-flat.There were no obvious change in water area.(3) The driving factors and the mechanism of change,which were lead to Land use/cover change were analyzed in the Guangqiao River Catchment.The results showed that natural factors,population factors and policy factors were main reasons brought about the change.更多还原