【作者】 李丽辉；

【导师】 龙岳林；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 观赏园艺， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 近年,伴随着公路建设的加快,涌现出了大量的裸露边坡。对于边坡的生态恢复,传统的工程护坡方式已经不能满足生态快速恢复的需要,而且这些大量被破坏的生态环境仅靠自然的力量来自我恢复可能性小且需时间长。基于此,笔者从学习前人的各种生态护坡技术中经过试验探索出了一种新的成本低、见效快、效果好的植被护坡技术,称之为“仿自然生态快速恢复技术”。它是模仿自然生长的野生植被,用人工辅助的方法来实现裸露边坡的生态恢复。且同时做了常规播草种的试验,经过对比分析,得出如下结论:1.生长恢复情况仿自然生态方法建植的坡面草坪覆盖度在50%以上的时间有3、4、5、6、8、9、10、11月份,其中覆盖度100%的时间有8、9、10、11月份;常规播种人工草的方法建植的草坪覆盖度在50%以上的时间为2、3、4、5、9月份,其中覆盖度为100%的时间只有下边坡的2、3、4、5月份。2.抗逆能力比较仿自然生态护坡植被抗干旱能力强,表现在:常规播种的坡面在6、7、8月干旱季节完全枯黄,到10月至1月又进入枯黄状态;而仿自然建成的坡面由于物种多样,达15种,物种之间优势互补,枯黄时间仅为7、11、12、1月份;且由于都为乡土野生植物,在耐热、耐瘠、耐湿等方面也表现优良。3.水土保持情况在大雨过后观察,两种生态护坡的坡面无沟蚀和面蚀现象,在对比的50m~2裸露的坡面上共发生冲刷细沟5条,沟宽3～8cm,沟深1～4cm,长度不等,最长的为4.35m,最短的为1.86m,沟蚀量约为450kg/km~2。因此植被护坡能有效控制土壤流失。4.经济效益分析仿自然生态方法建植草坪成本为5.1元/m~2,后期不需养护管理;简单常规播种方法建造与养护成本为7.2元/m~2。仿自然生态快速恢复方法投资成本比常规方法节约30%。仿自然生态方法生态效益高,景观效果好,建造成本低,作者认为此方法具有广阔的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent years,Expressway’s quickening construction creates lots of exposed slopes.Regarding ecology restoration of the slope,the traditional projecting slope way already could not satisfy the need of ecology quick restoration,and these destroyed ecology environment are hardly to recover by nature ability itself,and it maybe need a long time.Based on this,The author explore a kind of new low cost、quick effective、good effect vegetation slope protection after the experiment,which is "Techniques of Ecology Quick Restoration with Imitating the Natural method".It is that imitates the natural wild vegetation,realizes exposed slope ecology restoration with the artificial auxiliary method.Meanwhile we made the convention sowing grass seed experiment,obtains following result and the conclusion after the contrastive analysis:1 The situation of growth restoration Period of coverage in more than 50% with imitating the natural ecological method planting lawns of the slopes are 3、4、5、6、8、9、10、11 month which period of coverage 100%are 8、9、10、11 month;Period of coverage in more than 50%with conventional methods of planting artificial grass are 2、3、4、5、9 month which period of coverage 100%are 2、3、4、5 month only below slope.2 Comparison of resilience Vegetation’s capacity of drought-resistant is strong with imitating the natural ecological slope.Displays in:The slope of conventional sowing grass seed is completely withered in the dry season 6、7、8 month, 10 to 1 month too;But period of withered are only 7、11、12、1 month with imitating the natural method because the species are diverse,reaches 15 kinds,and it is the fittest survival between the species and it display finely in heat-resisting、barren-bearing、moisture etc because they are the native wild plant too.3 The situation conservation of water and soil On two kind of ecology protecting slope there are not the furrowing and the surface erosion phenomenon after the heavy rain;There are washout striae 4 on the contrast 50m~2 exposed slope,the ditch’s width 3～8cm,the ditch’s depth 1～4cm,the length different,the longest is 4.35m,the shortest is 1.86m,the furrowing quantity is approximately 450kg/km~2. Therefore the vegetation slope can control soil erosion actively.4 Economic efficiency analysis Construct the lawn’s cost with imitating the natural method is 5.1 yuan/m~2,and need not maintenance and management later period;Construct cost with the simple conventional sowing seeds method is 7.2yuan/ m~2,and need maintenance and management later period.Cost of investment with imitating the natural ecology quick restoration method can save 30%comparing to the convention method.Ecological benefit is high,the landscape effect is good,the construction cost is low with imitating the natural ecology method.The author recognizes that the method has the broad application prospect.更多还原