【作者】 刘莉莉；

【导师】 李合松；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 生物物理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以超级杂交稻组合两优293、准两优527和杂交稻组合汕优46为试材,其中组合汕优46为对照,采用同位素示踪技术和常规技术相结合,系统地研究了超级杂交稻组合光合作用及其同化产物运转分配特性和生理机制,结果如下:1.超级杂交稻组合两优293和准两优527在不同生育期的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Cond）、胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tromml）、SPAD值和水分利用率（WUE）与对照汕优46相比差异显著;抽穗后超级杂交稻剑叶的Pn、Cond、Tromml、SPAD值和WUE均显著高于汕优46,光合能力强。2.超级杂交稻组合两优293和准两优527在不同生育期的单株¹⁴C-同化产物生成总量显著高于汕优46,CO₂同化能力强;两个超级杂交稻组合灌浆期¹⁴C-同化物最终运转至穗中的比例显著高于汕优46,运转至穗中的速率也比汕优46快;灌浆期两个超级杂交稻组合茎鞘中¹⁴C-同化物贮藏量较少,有较强的同化产物运输能力。3.在生育后期,超级杂交稻组合两优293和准两优527的剑叶、倒2叶、倒3叶的¹⁴C-同化物在穗中的分配比例均显著高于对照汕优46;各杂交稻组合内不同叶位叶片¹⁴C-同化物分配至穗中的比例为剑叶＞倒2叶＞倒3叶。4.随着稻穗发育时期的进程,各杂交稻组合蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性由齐穗期、乳熟期、蜡熟期至黄熟期逐步下降,但两个超级杂交稻组合始终高于对照汕优46;两个超级杂交稻组合穗中细胞分裂素（Z+ZR）、生长素（IAA）和脱落酸（ABA）含量除在个别时期外均高于对照汕优46。较高的蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性和植物激素含量是超级杂交稻同化物运转分配效率较高的主要因素之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 The characteristics of photosynthesis and assimilates’ transportation and distribution and their physiological foundations in super hybrid rice Liangyou 293,Zhunliangyou 527 were studied with ¹⁴C-isotope tracer technique and regular technology, and common hybrid rice Shanyou 46 were used as the control. The results are as follows:1. During the different growth stages, photosynthesis capabilities of the two super hybrid rice combinations were different with that of Shanyou46. Pn,Cond,Tromml, SPAD and WUE of flag leaf of the two super hybrid rice combinations were significantly higher than those of Shanyou 46 after heading stages, photosynthesis capabilities of the two super hybrid rice combinations are also stronger than the control.2. The total amount of photosynthetic products of one- plant of the two super combinations were remarkably more than those in Shanyou 46 at different growth stages.The proportions of ¹⁴C-assimilate distribution to grains in the two super hybrid rice combinations were higher than those in Shanyoua46 at filling stage,and the speeds of ¹⁴C-assimilate transported to spikes in the two combinations were significantly faster than that in Shanyou 46. Meanwhile, the reserves of ¹⁴C- assimilates in stems of the two super hybrid rice are less than those in Shanyou 46.3. The proportions of ¹⁴C-assimilate distribution from flag leaves, 2nd top leaves and 3rd top leaves to grains in the two super hybrid rice were higher than those in Shanyou 46 at later growing stage,and the proportions of ¹⁴C-assimilates’ distribution from flag leaves to grains in the three combinations are the highest, the least is from 3rd top leaves.4. Activities of sucrose phosphate synthetase and phytohormone （Z+ZR, IAA, ABA）contents of the two super hybrid rice are higher than those in Shanyou 46 at different growth stages, These result in high proportions of ¹⁴C-assimilates’ distribution to grains in super hybrid rice.更多还原