【作者】 孔令云；

【导师】 肖深根；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 降低温室黄瓜加温能耗与克服夏秋季节露地黄瓜高温障碍是进行黄瓜高效栽培的关键措施。本研究利用智能人工气候室模拟研究了不同加温组合对温室黄瓜性型分化、生长发育、产量形成和生理特性的影响,利用田间栽培试验研究了不同植株密度与搭架方式对夏秋黄瓜生长发育和果实产量形成的影响。结果表明:1.在模拟温室不同加温组合研究中,低夜温处理（对照和C处理）可显著地提早始花期和降低第一雌花节位,高昼温低夜温（25℃/15℃,C处理）并没有显著提高雌花总数和雌花节率,但对比对照和A处理显著地提高了黄瓜生长末期的植株高度、叶片数、叶鲜重、叶干重、茎鲜重、茎干重、果实鲜重、果实干重、植株干鲜重和植株生长率,分别为235.37 cm、31.5个、150.90 g、20.53 g、118.20 g、10.62 g、903.57 g、44.93 g、1172.67 g、76.08 g和0.92 g·d^-1。当昼夜温差为10℃时,适宜黄瓜的生长发育和干物质积累。2.不同加温组合对黄瓜植株根系活力和叶片中相关光合生理指标影响的结果表明:高昼温低夜温处理可使根系活力、可溶性糖含量、光合色素（叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素）含量及光合速率显著升高,对类胡萝卜素含量、光合速率、根系活力、可溶性糖含量影响显著,对其它本试验所测生理指标的影响不显著。3.不同栽植方式对夏秋黄瓜生长发育影响的研究结果表明:25×75 cm的植株密度可显著地提高茎叶干鲜比、植株高度和单位面积果实产量,篱笆架的搭架方式可显著地提高茎叶干鲜重、植株干鲜重和植株生长率,对其它黄瓜植株生长发育指标影响不显著。不同的栽植方式25×75 cm搭篱笆架可以显著提高黄瓜单位面积产量、单株黄瓜产量和植株高度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Decreased energy consumption of heating in greenhouse and overcame high temperature disorder in open field in summer-autumn were the two keys of cucumber’s efficient cultivation.This study simulated different heating integrations to effect cucumber’s sexual differentiation,growth and development,fruit yield formation and physiological characteristics by using intelligent greenhouse and the influences of different plant density and frame modes to cucumber’s growth and development and yield formation of fruit in summer-autumn were also studied.The results showed:1.In the study of simulating different heating integrations in greenhouse, blooming date and node of the first female flower in low temperature treatment at night were significantly advanced and decreased,but the female flower number and node rate of female flower can not be improved remarkably in high temperature in the daytime and low temperature at night.By contrasted the Ck and treatment C,the treatment of high temperature in the daytime and low temperature at night enhanced the plant height,the number of leaves,leaf fresh weight,leaf dry weight,stem fresh weight,stem dry weight,fruit fresh weight,fruit dry weight,plant fresh and dry weight and plant growth rate remarkably.It’s 235.37 cm、31.5个、150.90 g、20.53 g、118.20 g、10.62 g、903.57 g、44.93 g、1172.67 g、76.08 g和0.92 g·d^-1.Cucumber’s growth and development and dry matter accumulation were more suitable when the day and night temperature difference was 10℃.2.The influences of cucumber’s different heating integrations in greenhouse to the root system activity and photosynthesis physiological indexes in leaves showed that the root system activity,the content of soluble sugar,the content of photosynthesis pigment（chlorophyll-a,chlorophyll-b,total chlorophyll and carotenoid ） and photosynthesis rate were significantly enhanced by high temperature in the daytime and low temperature at night.And it had remarkably influenced to the content of carotenoid,photosynthesis rate,root system activity and the content of soluble sugar,but have no obviously effect to the other physiological indexes. 3.The influences of different planting modes to cucumber’s growth and development in summer-autumn showed that dry-fresh ratio of stem-leaf,plant height and fruit yield per area were significantly improved in the plant density of 25×75 cm. Fence frame modes can remarkably enhanced the dry and fresh weight of stem-leaf, dry and fresh weight of plant and plant growth rate,but had no obviously effect to another indexes of plant growth and development in cucumber.Cucumber’s yield per area,individual yield and plant height were improved by the fence frame modes in 25×75 cm.更多还原