【作者】 陈维红；

【导师】 陈燕；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 心理词汇主要研究词汇在人的大脑中是如何存储以及提取的。心理词汇对于双语词典编纂也具有启示意义。作为二语学习,尤其是二语词汇习得的重要工具,双语词典有必要在编纂上不断改进,以更好地帮助二语学习者构建一个具有一语心理词汇特征的二语心理词汇。目前,将汉语作为第二语言学习的外国学习者越来越多,他们在学习汉语词汇的过程中不可避免要遇到汉语文化限定词。汉语文化限定词是指与中国特有的文化相关的词,可以分为两大类:第一类为国俗语义词;第二类为概念意义相同而文化意义不同的词。绝大部分的汉语文化限定词在别的语言中无法找到对应词,或者只能找到部分对应的词,因此成为外国汉语学习者词汇学习中的难点。与之相对照的是,现有的汉英词典还存在很多问题,无法完全满足他们学习汉语词汇的需要。本文利用心理词汇的研究成果,针对高级水平的外国汉语学习者,考察汉语文化限定词在外向型高级汉英学习词典中的收词和释义。本文从心理语言学角度论证了外向型高级汉英学习词典收录汉语文化限定词的必要性,并提出外向型高级汉英学习词典收录汉语文化限定词要遵循三个基本原则:(1)合适性原则;(2)完整性原则;(3)代表性原则。借助双语心理词汇的混合模型和共享分布式非对称模型,本文对五本汉英词典中汉语文化限定词的释义进行了分析。本文研究发现,由于汉语文化限定词本身的特点,仅凭释义无法完整地反映这类词所蕴含的丰富的文化信息,因此本文提出了五种相应的解决办法:(1)提供文化例证反映汉语文化限定词的语义、句法、搭配和语用信息;(2)为汉语文化限定词配备插图;(3)设计相应的文化注释进一步说明汉语文化限定词的相关文化义;(4)利用词典附录提供文化信息;(5)使用参见系统将相关的汉语文化限定词联系起来,以便更完整立体地表达文化信息。更多还原

【Abstract】 The mental lexicon centers on the study of how words are stored and retrieved in the human brain. In a psycholinguistic sense, the aim of L2 vocabulary acquisition is to help L2 learners construct an L2 mental lexicon which shares characteristics of the L1 mental lexicon. Bilingual dictionaries are regarded as an important reference tool for L2 vocabulary acquisition. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the compilation of bilingual dictionaries in order to benefit the construction of the L2 mental lexicon for L2 learners. Compared with the increasing number of CSL learners all over the world, the Chinese-English dictionaries specifically designed for foreign learners are in short supply. Among the lexical units to be treated in such dictionaries, Chinese culture-bound words, which refer to any words that are peculiar to Chinese culture and mostly have no equivalents or only partial equivalents in any other languages, can be divided into two categories: (a) Chinese culture-specific words (or Chinese folk custom words); (b) Chinese words which share the same conceptual meaning with their English equivalents but differ in cultural meaning. Words of this kind constitute great difficulties for CSL learners in the process of L2 vocabulary acquisition. Under such circumstances, this thesis has attempted to explore the treatment of Chinese culture-bound words in the Chinese-English dictionary for advanced foreign learners by utilizing the theory of mental lexicon. The present study has investigated two major issues: the entry selection of Chinese culture-bound words and definition of such words in the Chinese-English dictionary for advanced foreign learners, both from a psycholinguistic perspective. It is found that psycholinguistic evidence supports the inclusion of such words in the dictionary, but three general principles should be abided by, namely, the principle of suitability, the principle of coverage and integrality, and the principle of representativeness and practicality. On the other hand, the definition of Chinese culture-bound words in five Chinese-English dictionaries is studied by taking advantage of models of bilingual lexicon. Through the investigation, it is found that definition alone is not sufficient to express rich cultural information that Chinese cultural-bound words contain. Therefore, five supplementary measures are suggested for the problem: (a) to provide cultural examples; (b) to design pictorial illustrations; (c) to add cultural notes; (d) to supply cultural information in the back matters of the dictionary; and (e) to use cross-references to interconnect Chinese culture-bound words with one another. It is hoped that better treatment of Chinese culture-bound words in the Chinese-English dictionary for advanced learners will facilitate CSL learners’ acquisition of Chinese vocabulary.更多还原