出入境边防检查制度研究

【作者】 石磊；

【导师】 朱淑娣；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 出入境边防检查制度是出入境管理制度的一个重要组成部分,它是维护国家主权、保卫国家安全、方便合法出入境的必要手段,有着自己特殊的职能和作用,这种作用主要体现在对旅客出入境的最终决定权和对非法出入境人员的查缉堵截功能上。任何人只要出入或经过一国国境,都必须经过出入境边防检查这个过程。从某种意义上说,出入境管理机关为旅客颁发出入境证件或签证,意味着国家对旅客出入境申请的批准,但旅客能否实现最终的出入境行为,则要在出入境口岸,接受边防检查机关的出入境边防检查。边防检查机关通过审查旅客所持有的出入境证件或签证是否合法合适、出入境后是否会危害国家利益和安全等相关内容,决定是否允许旅客实施出入境行为。本文除了引言与结语外共分四章,尝试从理论界定、制度概述、制度缺陷、立法完善四个方面阐述中国出入境边防检查制度。关于理论界定。概言之,广义出入境边防检查行政行为指的是“出入境边防检查机关依法实施检查、监督的一种行政管理活动”。本文主要研究的是狭义的出入境边防检查行政行为,本文认为狭义的出入境边防检查行政行为是指:“出入境边防检查机关在职权范围内,对行政相对人是否守法的事实作单方强制了解的查验、核实的行为”,“出入境边防检查”的外延即“出入境边防检查行政检查”,排除“准予通行”、“阻止出境”、“阻止入境”等不属于行政检查范围内的各种后续行政决定行为。关于制度概述。我国构成出入境边防检查制度法律体系的主要有《中华人民共和国公民出境入境管理法》及其实施细则、《中华人民共和国外国人入境出境管理法》及其实施细则、《中国公民因私事往来香港地区或者澳门地区的暂行管理办法》、《中国公民往来台湾地区管理办法》和《中华人民共和国出境入境边防检查条例》等相关法律法规,这些法律法规大都在我国改革开放初期制订,目前已无法适应新形势的发展。出入境边防检查制度需要在立法上作进一步完善,以满足依法行政和为民服务的需要。关于制度缺陷。我国出入境边防检查制度从无到有,再到逐步健全,在服务改革开放大局、方便人员往来、规范出入境秩序方面发挥了极其重要的作用。但是,随着形势的发展变化、公民权利保障的日益重视,一些问题也逐步暴露出来,具体表现在:一、出入境边防检查行政相对方权利保障的条款不完善;二、出入境边防检查中行政相对方需提交的证件材料不明确;三、出入境边防检查的检查方式、启动条件缺失;四、出入境边防检查的法律程序规定简单、缺乏可操作性;五、出入境边防检查法律救济不全面。关于立法完善。根据基础理论与制度体系,结合中国出入境边防检查制度的缺陷,尝试从增加权利保障条款、明确证件材料、细化检查方式、设定启动条件、强化程序控制及健全法律救济等方面对该制度进行完善,为进一步推动我国出入境边防检查制度建设,尤其是为草拟中的《中华人民共和国出入境管理法》的立法实践提供智识支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection system for immigration control system is an important part of state sovereignty safeguard. Safeguarding national security and facilitate legitimate travel the necessary means has its own special function and role in passengers entering or leaving the frontier, and in immigration and smuggling of personnel. Anyone who has access to a country or territory has to go through immigration at the border checkpoints in the process. In a sense, the immigration authorities for the issuance of visitor visas or travel documents, means that the state’s application for approval of the entry and exit of tourists, but visitors can achieve the ultimate act of immigration, border control points will be in, accept The immigration authorities at the border checkpoints at the border checkpoints. Authorities at the border checkpoints through the review of passenger travel documents held by the legality or the appropriate visa, entry and exit after endanger national interests and security-related content, allowing visitors to decide whether to implement the immigration act.China’s entry and exit frontier inspection system constitutes the legal system, mainly including "citizens of the People’s Republic of the Immigration Control Act" and its implementation details, "the People’s Republic of Entry and Exit of Aliens Control Act" and its implementation details, "Private citizens of China and from Hong Kong Macao regions or areas of temporary management ", " Chinese citizens in Taiwan between management "and" Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection Regulations of the People’s Republic "and other related laws and regulations. These laws and regulations in most of China’s reform and opening-up in the early formulation has been unable to adapt to the new situation. Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection system needs to improve the legislation in order to meet the demand of people in accordance with the law and administrative services.This article is divided into four chapters, and it describes in the nature of the acts of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection, entry and exit frontier inspection system for defect analysis on the basis of the sort, and then tries to put forward legislative proposals to improve the views: Firstly, from the Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection of the administrative actions start with defining the theory, given the permission of the executive, administrative confirmation of the executive of the mandatory three different concepts, and the narrow focus on the Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection of the concept of administrative behavior, characteristics, legal and behavioral characteristics of the properties were studied.Secondly, the Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection of the administrative behavior of theoretical research on the basis of our immigration system has been combing the border checkpoints, including: Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection in China’s Exit-Entry Administration of the role of the status of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection Law Sources, the main executive, the scope of the object, and so on.Thirdly, according to the practice and experience of China’s entry and exit frontier inspection system is put in place the various inadequacies. These deficiencies in terms of protecting the rights of lack of legal relief, as well as inadequate procedural requirements in such areas as missing.Fourthly, border entry and exit control system and the lack of problems in the system to improve several aspects of the legislation and try to be protection from the law, inspection methods, to start, process control and legal relief, and other aspects of the build in order to further improve our country Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection system ideas.更多还原