【作者】 彭晨蕊；

【导师】 赵新华；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 环境工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 水资源是人类赖以生存的物质基础,给水系统是保障城市发展的重要基础设施。随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,人们对水资源和供水质量的要求不断提高,现有水资源量和给水系统已经不足以支撑城市的发展。为此,如何合理配置水资源,改、扩(新)建给水系统日渐成为人们关注的焦点。本文以我国北方某市新区为研究对象,针对水资源综合配置和给水系统优化问题进行了以下研究。首先,对当地水资源以及给水设施现状进行了分析,归纳总结出当前存在的问题。采用指标法预测2020年新区需水量:研究影响各类用水指标的主要因素;依照有关规划、规范,结合当地实际情况,确定2020年新区用水指标。根据水资源现状利用情况,结合有关规划,预测2020年新区可用水资源量。进行水资源供需平衡分析,根据不同用水途径对水资源量和质的不同需求,综合配置各种水资源。其次,在上述研究基础上,预测2020年新区城市需水量,并对城市水资源进行配置,从而得到2020年新区自来水需水量。根据供水设施现状和规划情况,确定水厂和用水区块之间的自来水供需关系。以水厂供水成本和中途加压泵站运行费用之和作为单价费用。建立运输问题模型,对各水厂供水量进行优化。最后,以管线经济计算长度作为权值,建立基于城市路网图的最短路径问题模型,采用基于广度优先搜索策略的Dijkstra算法,进行跨区输水干管定线优化。以管网年费用最小为目标函数,引入拉格朗日条件极值理论,得到经济管径计算公式。利用该公式计算各种规格管径的界限流量,据此,确定各水厂出厂干管管径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is an essential resource for people’s living; water supply system is an important infrastructure for city’s development. With economy developing and standard of living improving, people ask for better water resources and water supply system. Existing water resources and water supply system can’t support the development of city gradually. How to allocate water resources and build water supply system reasonably becomes the focus of peple’s attention. Water resources allocation and water supply system optimization in new area of a city in the north China is studied in this paper.Firstly, the existing condition and problems of water resources and water supply system are analysed. Index method is used to forecast water demand of new area in 2020. Influence factors of water quotas are studied. According to relative plan, criterion and real condition, water quotas of new area in 2020 is fixed. Available water resources can also be forecasted. Then, supply-demand equilibrium of water resources is analysed and all kinds of water resources are allocated synthetically.Secondly, based on the research above, city water demand of new area in 2020 is forcasted and water resources of city is allocated. So tap water quantity can be known. Supply-demand relationship is fixed based on the existing and planned water supply system. Unit price includes cost of water treatment plants and charge of midway pumping stations. Model of transportation problem is established to optimize water quantity supplied from water treatment plants.Lastly, shortest path model is established base on urban road network. Economic calculation length of pipes is regarded as weight. Dijkstra algorithm based on breadth-first search strategy is used to optimize path of the main pipes spanning different areas. The objective function is to make annual charge of water supply network least. Theory of Lagrange conditional extremum is used to get operational formula of economical pipe diameter. According to this, boundary flow of standard pipe diameter is calculated, so diameter of water treatment plants’effluent mains can be fixed.更多还原