【作者】 王婷；

【导师】 董岁明；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 环境工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以对环境和人类健康产生巨大影响的含油废水处理为研究对象,采用理论分析和实验验证相结合的技术路线,制备了改性硅藻土、多功能阳离子絮凝剂PDTC和聚硅酸氯化铝PASC三种絮凝剂,并分别对三种絮凝剂对含油废水的处理进行了研究,结果表明:三种絮凝剂对含油废水均有较好的处理效果。改性后的硅藻土优于未改性硅藻土;采用复合改性剂(CTMAB和TMAB)处理的改性硅藻土吸附效果优于单一改性剂处理的硅藻土,其最佳配比为CTMAB∶TMAB=1.0∶2.0。改性剂用量对油吸附有一定的影响;实验确定的最佳吸附pH值为7～8;最佳吸附时间为50min,采用该改性硅藻土处理含油废水后除油率可达75.45%,研究表明合成阳离子絮凝剂PDTC的最佳工艺为:用乙二胺和二硫化碳在强碱条件下反应,以12.00:28.88:16.00为质量配比,反应温度为10～15℃,20～28℃,在90min的搅拌时间,搅拌速度为100r/min合成DTC。再加入10ml金属盐及乙醚,乙醇等合成PDTC。当用量为25ml时处理含油废水的除油率为85.43%。聚硅酸氯化铝PASC的最佳制备条件为:pH值为5～6范围内,SiO2浓度为2.5%,A1/Si摩尔比为1.0。同时研究了用聚硅酸氯化铝絮凝剂进行絮凝处理时的操作参数,得到最佳的操作参数为:最佳投加量为125mg/L, pH值为8,搅拌时间为20min,搅拌温度为50℃。其与聚合氯化铝对含油废水的处理性能对比表明,聚硅酸氯化铝絮凝剂具有更好的除油效果。基于复配絮凝剂处理复杂含油废水的潜在优势,以上述制备的三种絮凝剂为基础,对不同配比关系的三种絮凝剂的除油效果进行了实验研究,获得复配絮凝剂处理含油废水的最佳工艺:在常温弱碱性条件下,快搅拌3～4min(100～120r/min),慢搅拌14～16min(60r/min),改性硅藻土:PASC:PDTC=2.5g/L :0.025g/L:0.025g/L左右,除油率可达92%以上。采用该工艺处理延安某炼油厂污水除油率可达91.1%,COD去除率达到65.2%,处理洗煤废水时COD去除率达到68.3%,除浊率达到98%,处理造纸废水时,COD去除率能达到70%,SS去除率能达到85.7%,试验结果表明,该絮凝剂不仅对含油废水有较好的处理效果,而且对浊度较高的其它废水也有较好的应用前景。论文最后探讨了絮凝剂的絮凝作用机理,对絮凝作用的微观机制进行了理论分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article was based on the oil contained wastewater which has launched significant impact on environment and human health.The preparation of modified diatomite, cationic flocculant PDTC and modified polyaluminum chloride PASC and treatment of oil contained wastewater were illustrated by the method combinding theoretical analysis and experimental verification.Study explained these following facts: the effect of absorption of modified diatomite was better than diatomite; using both two modified agent was better than one and the best ratio was CTMAB∶TMAB=1.0∶2 .0; the dosage of modifier had effects on absorption; and the optimal conditions of absorption were pH=7～8, the best time of absorption 50min; Then the removing rate of oil from water using modified diatomite was 75.45%. And the optimal technics ready for PDTC were concluded, includes: the reaction of ethanediamine and CS2 in alkaline solution with mass ratio of 12.00:28.88:16.00, the reaction temperature of 10～15℃,20～28℃, the stirring time of 90 min with speed of 100r/min, 10ml alkali salt and little ethanol and aether. Then the removing rate of oil was 85.43% by using of PDTC with 10ml. Moreover, the optimal conditions of preparation for PASC were pH=5～6,the concentration of SiO2=2.5%,A1/Si=1.0。The operational parameters for wastewater treatment were investigated.The best operational parameters were found that dosage was 125mg/L, pH=8,stirring time was 20min,stirring temperature was 50℃. The experiment for application showed that PASC has better flocculation efficiency in wastewater treatment than PAC.Just because of the potential advantage of compound flocculant aiming at treating complicated oil contained water, to get the optimal water treatment technological process were necessary through studying different ratio of these three flocculant, that is, at ordinary temperatures, fast stirring for 3～4min(100～120r/min)and slow stirring for 14～16min(60r/min)in alkaline solution with mass ratio of modified diatomite: PDTC: modified polyaluminum chloride= 2.5g/L :0.025g/L:0.025g/L, and the removing rate of oil can get over 92%, and 91.1% when treating polluted water of refinery in Yan’ an, furthermore, the removing rate of COD and turbidity were 68.3%, 98% and 70%, 85.7% accordingly when treating coal-washing wastewater and paper-making wastewater. In all, we can conclude that this kind of flocculant has good function in treating not only oil contained water, but other wastewater with high degree of turbidity.At last, mechanism of flocculant and microcosmic rules of mechanism were analyzed.更多还原