【作者】 韩乔；

【导师】 何强；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 市政工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国污水处理厂的大规模建设,对污水处理厂要求越来越高,不仅大中城市,小城市及城镇也开始污水处理设施的建设。原来污水处理厂的设计和建设阶段大多只是考虑了污泥的外运,但在污水厂实际运行中,污泥处置(如外运)成为了棘手的问题,甚至造成很多不规则随便乱倒的现象。基于此现状,本研究尝试将高速厌氧反应器应用于污泥处理的试验研究,开发了污泥同时浓缩与消化——改良ISTD反应器,使之适合我国国情,具有效能高、投资省、管理方便、便于推广使用的特点。本文主要研究了改良ISTD反应器的水力学特性、中温下的处理效能和影响因素、生物相分析以及反应动力学关系式的推导等。水力流态试验表明,本反应器液龄分布函数均呈波峰左偏的正态分布形态,推流所占的体积比例大于完全混合所占的体积比例,无因次方差0<σθ2<1,偏向于0,Peclet准数为3～9,反应器流态更接近于推流。反应器随搅拌速度的增加更趋于完全混合流态,随进水量的增加更趋于推流流态。本试验在重庆市唐家桥污水厂进行,采用接种培养法,低负荷启动(投配率10%)的方式进行反应器的启动,在35℃左右经过30d启动完成。在中温条件下(35℃左右),搅拌次数4次/d(40r/min和30min/次),COD容积负荷为0.39~1.87kgCOD/m3?d进行了改良ISTD反应器处理污泥的效能试验,结果表明当进泥含水率在99.70%左右,VS/TS在0.52~0.65,SS在2.53~4.65g/L时,其排泥含水率为89.77%~97.31%,VS/TS为0.23~0.48,出水SS在130~1245mg/L,产气量为8.2~51.0L/d,污泥比阻为1.72~2.87×1014m/kg,MLSS为25.5~61.2g/L,出水的COD为159~938mg/L。其中当HRT为3.1~5d,容积负荷为0.65~1.31KgCOD/m3?d时,反应器排泥含水率在91.91%~94.46%,含水率较低,浓缩效果良好,排泥VS/TS在0.27~0.32,有机物去除率为46.39%~56.88%,有机物去除率较高,排泥效果较好,为反应器的较佳运行工况。反应器内部的pH值为6.6~7.0,碱度为700~1200mg/L,VFA为200~450mg/L,除碱度稍微偏小外其余两个指标基本上都在厌氧消化需要控制的范围之内,表明反应器具有抵抗冲击负荷的能力,能够满足厌氧消化的需要。由厌氧污泥的电镜扫描照片可以观察到甲酸甲烷杆菌、索氏甲烷丝菌、巴式八叠球菌等,其中丝状菌和杆菌居多,也散布着一些球菌,这些菌种基本上包括了所有的基本细菌形态,反映了厌氧污泥微生物生态系统组构和功能较为稳定。本文还对改良ISTD反应器的污泥床区和悬浮层区动力学模型进行了研究,确定了反应器中有机底物浓度、微生物浓度、产甲烷量的动力学关系式及相关的动力学常数。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the large-scale construction of wastewater treatment plant in China, the plants’requirement becomes more and more strict, not only large and medium-sized cities, but also small cities and towns start the construction of wastewater treatment plant. Only the sludge outside transport was considered at quondam sewage treatment factory design and construction, but in actual plant’s operation, disposal of sludge (such as the outside transport) became a knotty problem, it even caused much messy and irregular dumpage. Based on the current situation, this study attempted to apply anaerobic reactor of high speed to the experiment of sludge treatment, the Reactor for Improved Integrative Sludge Thickening and Digestion(ISTD) was developed, which can be suitable to our national situation and have the characteristic of higher efficiency, lower invest, convenient management, easy to generalize.This paper mainly covered the hydrodynamic behavior of Improved ISTD Reactor, treatment efficiency and influencing factor at mid-temperature, Biofacies analyses and the degradation model’s building-up for organic pollutants.The results of hydrodynamic behavior indicated that all Exit-age Distribution Functions presented secund left normal distribution form, the volume proportion of pusher was bigger than completely mingled, dimensionless variance was 0<σθ2<1, it was tend to 0, Peclet criteria was 3~9, so the flow pattern of Improved ISTD Reactor verged on pushing form. The flow pattern tended to completely mingled with enhanced stirring speeds and verged on pusher form with increasing influent water.The experiment was carried out at TangJiaqiao Wastewater Plant, it adopted inoculation methods and started-up in low organic load (sludge dosage rate was 10%), the set-up process was completed through 30days at about 35℃. The treatment efficiency of Improved ISTD Reactor was carried out under the condition of mid-temperature (about 35℃), stirring time was 4 times/d (40r/min and 30min/time), COD volume load was 0.39~1.87kgCOD/m3?d, the results showed that when the influent sludge water content was about 99.70%, VS/TS was 0.52~0.65, SS was 2.53~4.65g/L, water content of effluent sludge was 89.77%~97.31%, VS/TS was 0.23~0.48, SS of effluent water was 130~1245mg/L, aero-genesis amounts are 8.2~51.0L/d, the sludge specific resistance was 0.88~1.80×1013m/kg, MLSS was 25.5~61.2g/L, COD of effluent water was 159~938mg/L. Among them when the HRT was 3.1~5.0d, volume load was 0.65~1.31KgCOD/m3?d, the sludge water content of Improved ISTD Reactor was 91.91%~94.46%, it was low and the effect of thickening was fine, VS/TS of effluent sludge was 0.27~0.32, organic removal rate was 46.39%~56.88%, it was high and the effect of effluent sludge was fairly good. This was the nicer working condition of Improved ISTD Reactor.Inside the Improved ISTD Reactor, pH value was 6.6~7.0, alkalinity was 700~1200mg/L, VFA was 200~ 450mg/L, the other two targets were mainly within the range that anaerobic digestion should be controlled except that alkalinity was a little small, this indicated that Improved ISTD Reactor had the ability to against shock loads and could meet the requirement of anaerobic digestion. From the anaerobic sludge scanning electronic microscope photograph, we could observe Methanobacterium formicicum, Methanothrix soehngenii, Methanosarcina barkeri and etc., among them filiform bacterium and bacillus were in the majority , it also spread a few cocci, these bacteria basically included all bacterium forms, so it reflected that anaerobic sludge microorganism’s ecosystem group and function was steady comparatively.This study built up the sludge bed area and suspension tier’s degradation model of Improved ISTD Reactor, and this paper also ascertained the relational expressions of organic substrates’concentration, microorganism’s concentration, methane’s output and interrelated dynamics constant.更多还原