【作者】 邓芸；

【导师】 陈伯礼；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 法学理论， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文共分六个部分,第一部分:引言。罗尔斯作为当代正义理论的集大成者,提出了具有代表性的社会正义理论。他将程序正义纳入其正义理论体系之中,对程序正义的不同形态作出了划分与阐述,对此后关于程序问题的研究起到了举足轻重的作用。第二部分:罗尔斯“程序正义”思想的时代背景和渊源。19世纪的美国社会风云变幻、处于激烈矛盾之中,充斥着各种动荡不安的因素。以罗尔斯为代表的新自然主义法学派对正义问题做出了具有自然法倾向的解释。罗尔斯的程序正义理论也根源于这一社会现实。同时,它也与西方国家注重程序观念的传统有着深刻的联系。第三部分:罗尔斯“程序正义”思想的形成。罗尔斯作为新自然法学派的代表人物,为了找到有关社会正义的理论,探寻实现社会正义的原则,对西方功利主义进行了批判,在这一过程中,提出了通过程序正义的方式来实现社会正义。因此,可以说,罗尔斯“程序正义”思想的形成是各种因素综合的结果。它不仅受到了新自然法学派的影响,而且是在对功利主义进行批判的过程中形成的,体现的是追求社会正义的努力。第四部分:“程序正义”的理论体系。罗尔斯首先作出了“原初状态”之中人们处于“无知之幕”的笼罩之下的假设,在此之上,提出了以程序正义来保证公平分配社会资源。“原初状态”和“无知之幕”成为论述程序正义乃至整个社会正义理论的前提。正义理论是罗尔斯究其一生所构筑起来的,而其正义理论又是以程序正义为特色的。在《正义论》中,罗尔斯首次将程序正义纳入其正义理论体系之中,对程序正义的不同形态作出了划分与阐述,本文拟以其主要作品为线索,从罗尔斯对“程序正义”的分类开始,梳理罗尔斯“程序正义”在不同时期的流变,并着重分析作为“程序正义”理论核心的“纯粹的程序正义”。继《正义论》之后,《政治自由主义》的出版标志着罗尔斯在程序正义问题上的理论转向。罗尔斯引入了实质正义,主张将程序正义与实质正义结合起来。同时,该部分还分析了程序正义的功能以及如何实现纯粹的程序正义,力求使其程序正义理论更加趋于完善。第五部分:罗尔斯“程序正义”思想的历史影响。在“原初状态”、“无知之幕”的假设之下,该思想引起了学术界的争鸣。本文通过综合各学者的评论,总结出其“程序正义”思想的历史局限性,并进行反思,寻找到其中合理的因素,力求辨证地看待罗尔斯的这一理念,对其程序正义理论的基本情况和发展作出研究与评价。罗尔斯的程序正义理论要求规则的制定或适用具有正当性,程序正义可以作为权利分配、救济的方式,这些都为我们寻求当前许多社会问题的解决方法提供了有效的借鉴,具有积极的现实意义。第六部分:结语。目前,我国正处于社会转型的关键时期,在如何建设法治、如何保护权利等问题上,仍需要我们不断探索和尝试。罗尔斯“程序正义”思想对于目前我们构建公平正义的和谐社会的理念是有益的,至今仍闪烁着理性的光辉。只有坚持程序正义的思想,改变“重实体、轻程序”的传统观念,我们才有可能实现法治建设的目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dissertation can divide into six sections, the first one is exordium. John Rawls, who combined the theory of justice successfully, advanced the representative theory of social justice. He put the procedural justice into the theory of justice and divided it into different kinds. It affects the researches on procedural justice during next several years.The times background and origin of law ideology about Rawls’procedural justice was analyzed in the second section. American society was in the large alternation, within lots of intensive contradictions. Lots of turbulent elements filled in the society. So, the origination of law ideology about Rawls was the practical requirement about that time. At the same time, there was a close connection with his ideology and the tradition of paying attention to procedure in western nations.The formation of Rawls’procedural justice was expatiated in the third section. As the representative person of new natural law, Rawls wanted to find out the theory of social justice and its principles. So he criticized the western utilitarianism. During this period, Rawls put forward the avenues to achieving the procedural justice. So, that’s to say, the formation of Rawls’procedural justice is the result of integration of several elements. It is not only influenced by the new natural law, but also formatted during the criticizing the western utilitarianism. It reflects the hardworking of searching the social justice.In the fourth section, theory system of procedural justice was illustrated elaborately. Rawls made a hypothesis at the beginning. He said that people in the“original position”were under the“veil of ignorance”. In this occasion, procedural justice was used to allocating the social resources fairly. So the original position and the veil of ignorance became the premise of his procedural justice, even the whole social justice theory. Rawls spent his whole life to research the theory of justice, which feature is procedural justice. In A Theory of Justice, Rawls lead the procedural justice into the system of justice at the beginning, then, he described the different kinds of procedural justice. This paper starts with the classification of procedural justice and cards the diversification of procedural justice in different times. It pays more attention to the“pure procedural justice”, because“pure procedural justice”is the core of the theory of procedural justice. With the publication of the Political Liberalism, Rawls changed his aspect on procedural justice. He introduced the substantive justice into his theory and combined it with procedural justice. At the same time, this part also analyzes the function of procedural justice and how to realize the pure procedural justice. The writer wants to make the theory perfect.The fifth section is far-reaching infection about the Rawls’procedural justice. Under the“original position”and the“veil of ignorance”, his theory causes lots of debates. This paper tries to compare these debates and meditate on this theory, in order to find out its affirmative ingredients and negative ingredients. We have to take an objective view about the procedural justice of Rawls. His theory demands the justice in establishing a rule and applying it. Procedural justice is the way to allocate the right and duty. In the surroundings of harmonious society today, Rawls’theory also plays an important role in finding out the solutions of social problems currently.The sixth section is conclusion. Today, our country is in the changing time. We should seek after how to build the law-governing and how to protect right. Rawls’procedural justice is useful for us to build the harmonious society with equality and justice.更多还原